Paul Ward is a Lead Applied Cognitive Psychologist (Human Behavior and Cybersecurity Capability) in the Social and Behavioral Sciences Department at The MITRE Corporation. He also holds an appointment as adjunct Professor of Psychology at Michigan Technological University. He is a Chartered Ergonomist and Human Factors specialist, Chartered Psychologist, and Chartered Scientist and internationally known for his pioneering research on expertise, adaptive skill, training, and accelerated learning. He has attracted funding from grant agencies worldwide and published over 100 scientific papers, including a co-authored book entitled Accelerated expertise: Training for high proficiency in a complex world.Jan Maarten Schraagen is Principal Scientist at TNO and Professor of Applied Cognitive Psychology at University of Twente, The Netherlands. His research interests include adaptive automation, resilience engineering, team communication processes, human-machine teaming, and scenario-based training. He was main editor of Cognitive Task Analysis (2000, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates) and Naturalistic Decision Making and Macrocognition (2008, Ashgate). He is editor in chief of the Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making. Dr. Schraagen holds a PhD in Cognitive Psychology from the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Julie Gore is a Reader in Organizational Psychology, at the School of Management, University of Bath, UK. A Chartered Psychologist and Fellow of the British Psychological Society her research focus is on the psychology of expertise and Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) across a range of professions working under uncertainty. She is Associate Editor for Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology and serves on the boards of the British Journal of Management and Frontiers in Organizational Psychology. Dr Gore holds a PhD in Applied Cognitive Psychology (one of the world's first in the field of NDM) from Oxford Brookes University, UK.Dr. Emilie M. Roth is a cognitive psychologist whose work has involved analysis of human problem-solving and decision-making in real-world environments (e.g., military command and control; nuclear power plant emergencies; railroad operations; healthcare), and the impact of support systems (e.g., computerized procedures; alarm systems; advanced graphical displays; new forms of decision-support and automation) on cognitive performance. She is a fellow of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, is an Associate Editor of the Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, serves on the editorial board of the journal Human Factors, and is a member of the Board on Human-Systems Integration at the National Academies.

Select Guide Rating

• 1: Paul Ward, Jan Maarten Schraagen, Julie Gore, and Emilie Roth: An Introduction to the Handbook, Communities of Practice, and Definitions of Expertise Section One: Characterising Expertise: Frameworks, Theories and Models 2: Fernand Gobet: The Classic Expertise Approach and its Evolution 3: David Z. Hambrick, Alexander P. Burgoyne, and Frederick L. Oswald: Domain-General Models of Expertise: The role of cognitive ability 4: Harry Collins and Robert Evans: Studies of Expertise and Experience: A sociological perspective on expertise 5: Steven I. Pfeiffer: Giftedness and Talent Development in Children and Youth 6: Fredrik Ullén, Örjan de Manzano, and Miriam A. Mosing: Neural Mechanisms of Expertise 7: Ulrich Hoffrage: Modeling Experts with Fast-and-Frugal Heuristics 8: John M. Flach and Fred A. Voorhorst: Expertise: A holistic, experience-centered perspective 9: Robert J B Hutton: Macrocognitive Models of Expertise 10: Neelam Naikar and Ashleigh Brady: Cognitive Systems Engineering: Expertise in sociotechnical systems 11: Chris Baber: Is Expertise All in the Mind? How embodied, embedded, enacted, extended, situated and distributed theories of cognition account for expert performance 12: Katerina Bohle Carbonell and Jeroen J. G. van Merrienboer: Adaptive Expertise Section Two: Methods to Study, Test, Analyse and Represent Expertise 13: Kevin R. Harris, Nicholas A. Foreman, and David W. Eccles: Representative Test and Task Development and Simulated Task Environments 14: Karol G. Ross and Jennifer K. Phillips: Developing Mastery Models to Support the Acquisition and Assessment of Expertise 15: Alex Kirlik and Michael D. Byrne: Computational Models of Expertise 16: Paul M. Salmon, Neville A. Stanton, Guy H. Walker, and Gemma J.M. Read: Studying Expert Behavior in Sociotechnical Systems: Hierarchical task analysis 17: Paul Ward, Kyle Wilson, Joel Suss, William Douglas Woody, and Robert R. Hoffman: A Historical Perspective on Introspection: Guidelines for eliciting verbal and introspective-type reports 18: Sarah Yardley, Karen Mattick, and Tim Dornan: 'Close to Practice' Qualitative Research Methods 19: Laura Militello and Shilo Anders: Incident-based Methods for Studying Expertise 20: Catherine M. Burns: Cognitive Work Analysis: Models of expertise 21: Brian Moon: Reflections on the Professional Practice of Knowledge Capture 22: Gerald Matthews, Ryan W. Wohleber, and Jinchao Lin: Stress, Skilled Performance, and Expertise: Overload and Beyond Section Three: Domains and Applications 23: David. F. Feldon, Soojeong Jeong, and Joana Franco: Expertise in STEM Disciplines 24: Shane T. Mueller: A Cognitive Examination of Skill and Expertise in Word Games and Puzzles 25: Jennifer Mishra: Musical Expertise 26: A. Mark Williams, Bradley Fawver, David P. Broadbent, Colm P. Murphy, and Paul Ward: Skilled Anticipation in Sport: Past, present, and future 27: Vimla L. Patel, David Kaufman, and Thomas G Kannampallil: Diagnostic Reasoning and Expertise in Healthcare 28: Mark Wiggins, Jamie Auton, and Melanie Taylor: Firefighting and Emergency Responding 29: Christopher D. Wickens and Frederic Dehais: Expertise in Aviation 30: Emilie M. Roth, Anjum Naweed, and Jordan Multer: Railroad Operations: Uncovering expertise for safe and efficient performance in railroad operations 31: Robert Thomson: The Cyber Domains: Understanding expertise for network security 32: Michael P. Jenkins and Jonathan D. Pfautz: Expertise in Intelligence Analysis 33: Joel Suss and Laura Boulton: Expertise in Law Enforcement 34: J.D. Fletcher and Dennis Kowal: Military Expertise 35: Lia DiBello: Expertise in Business: Evolving with a changing world 36: Ute Fischer and Kathleen Mosier: Teamwork in Spaceflight Operations 37: Margaret Crichton (DR), Scott Moffat, and Lauren Crichton: Developing Operator Expertise on Nuclear Power Production Facilities and Oil and Gas Installations 38: Daphne S. LaDue, Phaedra Daipha, Rebecca M. Pliske, and Robert R. Hoffman: Expertise in Weather Forecasting Section Four: Developing, Accelerating, and Preserving Expertise 39: Lauren B. Resnick, Jennifer Lin Russell, and Faith Schantz: Expertise for the Future: A new challenge for education 40: Peter J. Fadde and Mohammadreza Jalaeian: Learning with Zeal: From deliberate practice to deliberate performance 41: Rand J. Spiro, Paul J. Feltovich, Aric Gaunt, Ying Hu, Hannah Klautke, Cui Cheng, Ian Clemente, Sean Leahy, and Paul Ward: Cognitive Flexibility Theory and the Accelerated Development of Adaptive Readiness and Skill in Situation-Sensitive Knowledge Assembly in Adaptive Response to Novelty 42: David T. Moore (DR) and Robert R. Hoffman: Cognition and Expert-Level Proficiency in Intelligence Analysis 43: Kai-Philip Otte, Kristin Knipfer, and Michaéla Schippers: Team Reflection: A catalyst of team development and the attainment of expertise 44: Erich Petushek, Güler Arsal, Paul Ward, Mark Upton, James Whyte IV, and Robert R. Hoffman: Learning at the Edge: The role of mentors, coaches, and their surrogates in developing expertise 45: Dan Morrow and Renato F. L. Azevedo: Acquiring and Maintaining Expertise in Aging Populations 46: Winfred Arthur, Jr. and Eric Anthony Day: Skill decay: The science and practice of mitigating loss and enhancing retention 47: Jop Havinga, Johan Bergström, Sidney Dekker, and Andrew Rae: Expertise and Resilience 48: Gareth E. Conway and Julie Gore: Framing and Translating Expertise for Government Section Five: Current Issues and the Future of Expertise Research 49: Gary Klein, Ben Shneiderman, Robert R. Hoffman, and Robert L. Wears: The War on Expertise: Five communities that seek to discredit experts 50: Paul Ward, Jan Maarten Schraagen, Julie Gore, Emilie Roth, Robert R. Hoffman, and Gary Klein: Reflections on the Study of Expertise and Its Implications for Tomorrow's World

Paul Ward is a Lead Applied Cognitive Psychologist (Human Behavior and Cybersecurity Capability) in the Social and Behavioral Sciences Department at The MITRE Corporation. He also holds an appointment as adjunct Professor of Psychology at Michigan Technological University. He is a Chartered Ergonomist and Human Factors specialist, Chartered Psychologist, and Chartered Scientist and internationally known for his pioneering research on expertise, adaptive skill, training, and accelerated learning. He has attracted funding from grant agencies worldwide and published over 100 scientific papers, including a co-authored book entitled Accelerated expertise: Training for high proficiency in a complex world.Jan Maarten Schraagen is Principal Scientist at TNO and Professor of Applied Cognitive Psychology at University of Twente, The Netherlands. His research interests include adaptive automation, resilience engineering, team communication processes, human-machine teaming, and scenario-based training. He was main editor of Cognitive Task Analysis (2000, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates) and Naturalistic Decision Making and Macrocognition (2008, Ashgate). He is editor in chief of the Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making. Dr. Schraagen holds a PhD in Cognitive Psychology from the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Julie Gore is a Reader in Organizational Psychology, at the School of Management, University of Bath, UK. A Chartered Psychologist and Fellow of the British Psychological Society her research focus is on the psychology of expertise and Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) across a range of professions working under uncertainty. She is Associate Editor for Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology and serves on the boards of the British Journal of Management and Frontiers in Organizational Psychology. Dr Gore holds a PhD in Applied Cognitive Psychology (one of the world's first in the field of NDM) from Oxford Brookes University, UK.Dr. Emilie M. Roth is a cognitive psychologist whose work has involved analysis of human problem-solving and decision-making in real-world environments (e.g., military command and control; nuclear power plant emergencies; railroad operations; healthcare), and the impact of support systems (e.g., computerized procedures; alarm systems; advanced graphical displays; new forms of decision-support and automation) on cognitive performance. She is a fellow of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, is an Associate Editor of the Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, serves on the editorial board of the journal Human Factors, and is a member of the Board on Human-Systems Integration at the National Academies.

Select Guide Rating

• 1: Paul Ward, Jan Maarten Schraagen, Julie Gore, and Emilie Roth: An Introduction to the Handbook, Communities of Practice, and Definitions of Expertise Section One: Characterising Expertise: Frameworks, Theories and Models 2: Fernand Gobet: The Classic Expertise Approach and its Evolution 3: David Z. Hambrick, Alexander P. Burgoyne, and Frederick L. Oswald: Domain-General Models of Expertise: The role of cognitive ability 4: Harry Collins and Robert Evans: Studies of Expertise and Experience: A sociological perspective on expertise 5: Steven I. Pfeiffer: Giftedness and Talent Development in Children and Youth 6: Fredrik Ullén, Örjan de Manzano, and Miriam A. Mosing: Neural Mechanisms of Expertise 7: Ulrich Hoffrage: Modeling Experts with Fast-and-Frugal Heuristics 8: John M. Flach and Fred A. Voorhorst: Expertise: A holistic, experience-centered perspective 9: Robert J B Hutton: Macrocognitive Models of Expertise 10: Neelam Naikar and Ashleigh Brady: Cognitive Systems Engineering: Expertise in sociotechnical systems 11: Chris Baber: Is Expertise All in the Mind? How embodied, embedded, enacted, extended, situated and distributed theories of cognition account for expert performance 12: Katerina Bohle Carbonell and Jeroen J. G. van Merrienboer: Adaptive Expertise Section Two: Methods to Study, Test, Analyse and Represent Expertise 13: Kevin R. Harris, Nicholas A. Foreman, and David W. Eccles: Representative Test and Task Development and Simulated Task Environments 14: Karol G. Ross and Jennifer K. Phillips: Developing Mastery Models to Support the Acquisition and Assessment of Expertise 15: Alex Kirlik and Michael D. Byrne: Computational Models of Expertise 16: Paul M. Salmon, Neville A. Stanton, Guy H. Walker, and Gemma J.M. Read: Studying Expert Behavior in Sociotechnical Systems: Hierarchical task analysis 17: Paul Ward, Kyle Wilson, Joel Suss, William Douglas Woody, and Robert R. Hoffman: A Historical Perspective on Introspection: Guidelines for eliciting verbal and introspective-type reports 18: Sarah Yardley, Karen Mattick, and Tim Dornan: 'Close to Practice' Qualitative Research Methods 19: Laura Militello and Shilo Anders: Incident-based Methods for Studying Expertise 20: Catherine M. Burns: Cognitive Work Analysis: Models of expertise 21: Brian Moon: Reflections on the Professional Practice of Knowledge Capture 22: Gerald Matthews, Ryan W. Wohleber, and Jinchao Lin: Stress, Skilled Performance, and Expertise: Overload and Beyond Section Three: Domains and Applications 23: David. F. Feldon, Soojeong Jeong, and Joana Franco: Expertise in STEM Disciplines 24: Shane T. Mueller: A Cognitive Examination of Skill and Expertise in Word Games and Puzzles 25: Jennifer Mishra: Musical Expertise 26: A. Mark Williams, Bradley Fawver, David P. Broadbent, Colm P. Murphy, and Paul Ward: Skilled Anticipation in Sport: Past, present, and future 27: Vimla L. Patel, David Kaufman, and Thomas G Kannampallil: Diagnostic Reasoning and Expertise in Healthcare 28: Mark Wiggins, Jamie Auton, and Melanie Taylor: Firefighting and Emergency Responding 29: Christopher D. Wickens and Frederic Dehais: Expertise in Aviation 30: Emilie M. Roth, Anjum Naweed, and Jordan Multer: Railroad Operations: Uncovering expertise for safe and efficient performance in railroad operations 31: Robert Thomson: The Cyber Domains: Understanding expertise for network security 32: Michael P. Jenkins and Jonathan D. Pfautz: Expertise in Intelligence Analysis 33: Joel Suss and Laura Boulton: Expertise in Law Enforcement 34: J.D. Fletcher and Dennis Kowal: Military Expertise 35: Lia DiBello: Expertise in Business: Evolving with a changing world 36: Ute Fischer and Kathleen Mosier: Teamwork in Spaceflight Operations 37: Margaret Crichton (DR), Scott Moffat, and Lauren Crichton: Developing Operator Expertise on Nuclear Power Production Facilities and Oil and Gas Installations 38: Daphne S. LaDue, Phaedra Daipha, Rebecca M. Pliske, and Robert R. Hoffman: Expertise in Weather Forecasting Section Four: Developing, Accelerating, and Preserving Expertise 39: Lauren B. Resnick, Jennifer Lin Russell, and Faith Schantz: Expertise for the Future: A new challenge for education 40: Peter J. Fadde and Mohammadreza Jalaeian: Learning with Zeal: From deliberate practice to deliberate performance 41: Rand J. Spiro, Paul J. Feltovich, Aric Gaunt, Ying Hu, Hannah Klautke, Cui Cheng, Ian Clemente, Sean Leahy, and Paul Ward: Cognitive Flexibility Theory and the Accelerated Development of Adaptive Readiness and Skill in Situation-Sensitive Knowledge Assembly in Adaptive Response to Novelty 42: David T. Moore (DR) and Robert R. Hoffman: Cognition and Expert-Level Proficiency in Intelligence Analysis 43: Kai-Philip Otte, Kristin Knipfer, and Michaéla Schippers: Team Reflection: A catalyst of team development and the attainment of expertise 44: Erich Petushek, Güler Arsal, Paul Ward, Mark Upton, James Whyte IV, and Robert R. Hoffman: Learning at the Edge: The role of mentors, coaches, and their surrogates in developing expertise 45: Dan Morrow and Renato F. L. Azevedo: Acquiring and Maintaining Expertise in Aging Populations 46: Winfred Arthur, Jr. and Eric Anthony Day: Skill decay: The science and practice of mitigating loss and enhancing retention 47: Jop Havinga, Johan Bergström, Sidney Dekker, and Andrew Rae: Expertise and Resilience 48: Gareth E. Conway and Julie Gore: Framing and Translating Expertise for Government Section Five: Current Issues and the Future of Expertise Research 49: Gary Klein, Ben Shneiderman, Robert R. Hoffman, and Robert L. Wears: The War on Expertise: Five communities that seek to discredit experts 50: Paul Ward, Jan Maarten Schraagen, Julie Gore, Emilie Roth, Robert R. Hoffman, and Gary Klein: Reflections on the Study of Expertise and Its Implications for Tomorrow's World