Jens Arnholtz received his PhD from the Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen. He is now an Associate Professor at the Employment Relations Research Center (FAOS) at that department.Nathan Lillie is Professor of Social and Public Policy at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland.

"This edited volume is a much-needed contribution from leading scholars that addresses key contradictions of free movement of labour within the European single market from the perspective of a critical political economy of regulation. In so doing, it breaks new ground and repositions previously disparate disciplinary preoccupations. As such, it will be a key reference for those interested in industrial relations, labour law and regulation theory, as well as for policy-makers and practitioners at national and European level concerned with the increasingly contentious labour market implications of the cross-border movement of migrant workers." –Charles Woolfson, Linköping University, Sweden"Posted workers are the critical test of free movement of workers, and thereby of the whole EU project. This book provides the ultimate analysis of a phenomenon that is still not clearly understood, and does not refrain from providing sharp policy recommendations." –Guglielmo Meardi, University of Warwick, UK

• AcknowledgementsChapter 1 – European Integration and the Reconfiguration of National Industrial Relations: Posted Work as a Driver of Institutional ChangeJens Arnholtz and Nathan Lillie1.1 The socio-economic drivers of EU posting1.2 Competing legal principles and the fundamental tension of posted work1.3 Firm practices as the driver of change1.4 Pressure on domestic institutions and incremental change1.5 Enforcement actors and creative re-enactment of institutions1.6 National institutional change in response to posted work1.7 Feedback and European level changes1.8 The chapters and their contribution to the argument1.9 ConclusionsReferencesChapter 2 – The benefits of posting: Facts and figures on the use and impact of intra-EU postingFrederic De Wispelaere and Jozef Pacolet2.1 Introduction2.2 ‘The posted worker’: A multifaceted notion with a very concentrated impact2.2.1 Intra-EU posting ‘at a glance’2.2.2 The evolution of intra-EU posting2.2.3 Some characteristics of intra-EU posting2.2.4 The impact of intra-EU posting on national labour markets2.3 Are we blinded by the potential negative consequences of intra-EU posting?2.3.1 Benefits of intra-EU posting from the perspective of the Member State of origin2.3.2 Higher wages and purchasing power for posted workers2.3.3 Higher tax revenues from posted workers2.3.4 Intra-EU posting as adjustment mechanism for economic shocks2.4 Benefits of intra-EU posting from the perspective of the host Member State2.4.1 Various motives to use intra-EU posting2.4.2 Does intra-EU posting lead to lower costs and prices?2.5 The more we know about posting, the better we can discuss it: Perception vs realityReferencesChapter 3 – Shifting employer strategies in light of institutional changeKristin Alsos and Anne Mette Ødegård3.1 The Norwegian labour market model meets a new reality3.2 Analytical framework3.3 Methods3.4 First phase – 2004-2008: use of posted workers and extension of collective agreement3.5 Second phase 2009-2013: Individual labour migrants and new court battles3.6 Third phase 2013- 2018: The puzzle on equal treatment and closure?3.7 Discussion and conclusionReferencesChapter 4 – Ambiguous mobility: Polish transnational workers navigating and changing the institutional landscape of postingAnna Matyska4.1 Transnational mobility regimes, institutions, and institutional change4.2 Posted work and institutional ambiguity4.3 The departure: Allowing for the ambiguity4.4 Collaboration and compliance4.5 From asking around to facing a state institution4.6 Trade unionisation4.7 Institutional navigation and incremental changes4.8 Concluding remarksReferencesChapter 5 – A comparative analysis of union responses to posted work in four European countriesNathan Lillie, Lisa Berntsen, Ines Wagner, and Sonila Danaj5.1 Introduction5.2 How does posting affect union rights?5.3 Union responses to posted work5.3.1 Migrant worker engagement5.3.2 Political influence and regulatory enforcement5.3.3 Collective agreement extension and enforcement5.3.4 Site-level structures5.4 Finland5.5 The Netherlands5.6 Germany5.7 The United Kingdom5.8 AnalysisReferencesChapter 6 – Italian labour inspectors facing posted workers phenomena6.1 Introduction6.2 The instrument of posting in Italy: Sectoral and geographical trajectories6.3 Business strategies and irregularities of posting6.4 Labour Inspectorate' actions: Dealing with complexity6.5 Changing regulatory framework: New approaches towards posting6.6 ConclusionReferencesChapter 7 – Market integration, cross-border recruitment, and enforcement of labour standards – A Dutch case7.1 Cross-border labour mobility and enforcement – Introduction7.2 Working method7.3 The role and function of the Dutch labour inspectorate7.4 The Dutch instruments for enhanced compliance control based on the 2013 social pact7.5 Assessment of the intensified compliance and enforcement policy7.6 Business models and regulatory engagement strategies for circumventing enforcement7.6.1 Fraudulent contracting/pay-rolling7.6.2 Chains of subcontracting7.6.3 Foreign legal (artificial) entities7.6.4 Posting of workers as a labour cost-saving method7.6.5 Regime shopping in the field of social security7.7 The Dutch practice against the background of EU experiences7.8 Cross-border recruitment, compliance, and enforcement – Some conclusionsReferencesChapter 8 – Posting of workers: from a blurred notion associated with ‘cheap labour’ to a tool for ‘fair labour mobility’?Mijke Houwerzijl and Lisa Berntsen8.1 Introduction8.2 The legal framework of intra-EU labour mobility in an enlarged internal market8.3 Experiences and perceptions of posting in practice8.3.1 Corporate strategies8.3.2 Worker Perceptions and preferences regarding the employment status8.3.4 Experiences of work and rights enforcement8.4 Towards a comprehensive set of regulatory responses at the EU level: Enough to disassociate posting from social dumping?8.5 Concluding remarksReferencesChapter 9 – Stepping stones over troubled waters. Recent legal evolutions and the reform of the Posting of Workers DirectiveMarco Rocca9.1 Introduction9.2 The Reform9.2.1 Remuneration9.2.2 Collective agreements9.3 Stepping stones9.3.1 Evolving Case Law9.3.2 Public procurement9.3.3 The National Level9.4 ConclusionsReferencesChapter 10 – Labour Subcontracting in Cross-Border Labour Markets: A Comparison of Rule Evasion in Germany and JapanInes Wagner and Karen Shire1. Introduction2. Dispatched Work in Japan3. The Posting of Workers Regulation and Germany4. The Layering of Immigration and Dispatching Regulations in Japan5. Regulatory arbitrage through Posting in Germany6. Regulatory displacement through dispatching in Japan7. ConclusionReferencesAuthor BiographiesIndex

Jens Arnholtz received his PhD from the Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen. He is now an Associate Professor at the Employment Relations Research Center (FAOS) at that department.Nathan Lillie is Professor of Social and Public Policy at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland.

"This edited volume is a much-needed contribution from leading scholars that addresses key contradictions of free movement of labour within the European single market from the perspective of a critical political economy of regulation. In so doing, it breaks new ground and repositions previously disparate disciplinary preoccupations. As such, it will be a key reference for those interested in industrial relations, labour law and regulation theory, as well as for policy-makers and practitioners at national and European level concerned with the increasingly contentious labour market implications of the cross-border movement of migrant workers." –Charles Woolfson, Linköping University, Sweden"Posted workers are the critical test of free movement of workers, and thereby of the whole EU project. This book provides the ultimate analysis of a phenomenon that is still not clearly understood, and does not refrain from providing sharp policy recommendations." –Guglielmo Meardi, University of Warwick, UK

• AcknowledgementsChapter 1 – European Integration and the Reconfiguration of National Industrial Relations: Posted Work as a Driver of Institutional ChangeJens Arnholtz and Nathan Lillie1.1 The socio-economic drivers of EU posting1.2 Competing legal principles and the fundamental tension of posted work1.3 Firm practices as the driver of change1.4 Pressure on domestic institutions and incremental change1.5 Enforcement actors and creative re-enactment of institutions1.6 National institutional change in response to posted work1.7 Feedback and European level changes1.8 The chapters and their contribution to the argument1.9 ConclusionsReferencesChapter 2 – The benefits of posting: Facts and figures on the use and impact of intra-EU postingFrederic De Wispelaere and Jozef Pacolet2.1 Introduction2.2 ‘The posted worker’: A multifaceted notion with a very concentrated impact2.2.1 Intra-EU posting ‘at a glance’2.2.2 The evolution of intra-EU posting2.2.3 Some characteristics of intra-EU posting2.2.4 The impact of intra-EU posting on national labour markets2.3 Are we blinded by the potential negative consequences of intra-EU posting?2.3.1 Benefits of intra-EU posting from the perspective of the Member State of origin2.3.2 Higher wages and purchasing power for posted workers2.3.3 Higher tax revenues from posted workers2.3.4 Intra-EU posting as adjustment mechanism for economic shocks2.4 Benefits of intra-EU posting from the perspective of the host Member State2.4.1 Various motives to use intra-EU posting2.4.2 Does intra-EU posting lead to lower costs and prices?2.5 The more we know about posting, the better we can discuss it: Perception vs realityReferencesChapter 3 – Shifting employer strategies in light of institutional changeKristin Alsos and Anne Mette Ødegård3.1 The Norwegian labour market model meets a new reality3.2 Analytical framework3.3 Methods3.4 First phase – 2004-2008: use of posted workers and extension of collective agreement3.5 Second phase 2009-2013: Individual labour migrants and new court battles3.6 Third phase 2013- 2018: The puzzle on equal treatment and closure?3.7 Discussion and conclusionReferencesChapter 4 – Ambiguous mobility: Polish transnational workers navigating and changing the institutional landscape of postingAnna Matyska4.1 Transnational mobility regimes, institutions, and institutional change4.2 Posted work and institutional ambiguity4.3 The departure: Allowing for the ambiguity4.4 Collaboration and compliance4.5 From asking around to facing a state institution4.6 Trade unionisation4.7 Institutional navigation and incremental changes4.8 Concluding remarksReferencesChapter 5 – A comparative analysis of union responses to posted work in four European countriesNathan Lillie, Lisa Berntsen, Ines Wagner, and Sonila Danaj5.1 Introduction5.2 How does posting affect union rights?5.3 Union responses to posted work5.3.1 Migrant worker engagement5.3.2 Political influence and regulatory enforcement5.3.3 Collective agreement extension and enforcement5.3.4 Site-level structures5.4 Finland5.5 The Netherlands5.6 Germany5.7 The United Kingdom5.8 AnalysisReferencesChapter 6 – Italian labour inspectors facing posted workers phenomena6.1 Introduction6.2 The instrument of posting in Italy: Sectoral and geographical trajectories6.3 Business strategies and irregularities of posting6.4 Labour Inspectorate' actions: Dealing with complexity6.5 Changing regulatory framework: New approaches towards posting6.6 ConclusionReferencesChapter 7 – Market integration, cross-border recruitment, and enforcement of labour standards – A Dutch case7.1 Cross-border labour mobility and enforcement – Introduction7.2 Working method7.3 The role and function of the Dutch labour inspectorate7.4 The Dutch instruments for enhanced compliance control based on the 2013 social pact7.5 Assessment of the intensified compliance and enforcement policy7.6 Business models and regulatory engagement strategies for circumventing enforcement7.6.1 Fraudulent contracting/pay-rolling7.6.2 Chains of subcontracting7.6.3 Foreign legal (artificial) entities7.6.4 Posting of workers as a labour cost-saving method7.6.5 Regime shopping in the field of social security7.7 The Dutch practice against the background of EU experiences7.8 Cross-border recruitment, compliance, and enforcement – Some conclusionsReferencesChapter 8 – Posting of workers: from a blurred notion associated with ‘cheap labour’ to a tool for ‘fair labour mobility’?Mijke Houwerzijl and Lisa Berntsen8.1 Introduction8.2 The legal framework of intra-EU labour mobility in an enlarged internal market8.3 Experiences and perceptions of posting in practice8.3.1 Corporate strategies8.3.2 Worker Perceptions and preferences regarding the employment status8.3.4 Experiences of work and rights enforcement8.4 Towards a comprehensive set of regulatory responses at the EU level: Enough to disassociate posting from social dumping?8.5 Concluding remarksReferencesChapter 9 – Stepping stones over troubled waters. Recent legal evolutions and the reform of the Posting of Workers DirectiveMarco Rocca9.1 Introduction9.2 The Reform9.2.1 Remuneration9.2.2 Collective agreements9.3 Stepping stones9.3.1 Evolving Case Law9.3.2 Public procurement9.3.3 The National Level9.4 ConclusionsReferencesChapter 10 – Labour Subcontracting in Cross-Border Labour Markets: A Comparison of Rule Evasion in Germany and JapanInes Wagner and Karen Shire1. Introduction2. Dispatched Work in Japan3. The Posting of Workers Regulation and Germany4. The Layering of Immigration and Dispatching Regulations in Japan5. Regulatory arbitrage through Posting in Germany6. Regulatory displacement through dispatching in Japan7. ConclusionReferencesAuthor BiographiesIndex