Christian Walter – författare

Peoples and minorities in many parts of the world assert a right to self-determination, autonomy, and even secession from a state, which naturally conflicts with that state''s sovereignty and territorial integrity. The right of a people to self-determination and secession has existed as a concept within international law since the American Declaration of Independence in 1776, but the exact definition of these concepts, and the conditions required for their application, remain unclear. The Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice concerning the Declaration of Independency of Kosovo (2010), which held that the Kosovo declaration of independence was not in violation of international law, has only led to further questions. This book takes four conflicts in the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a starting point for examining the current state of the law of self-determination and secession. Four entities, Transnistria (Moldova), South Ossetia, Abkhazia (both Georgia), and Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijan), claim to be entitled not only to self-determination but also to secession from their mother state. For this entitlement they rely on historic affiliations, and on charges of discrimination and massive human rights violations committed by their mother state. This book sets out its analysis of these critical issue in three parts, providing a detailed understanding of the principles of international law on which they rely: The first part sets out the contours and meaning of self-determination and secession, including an overall assessment of secession within the Commonwealth of Independent States. The second section provides case studies investigating the events in Transnistria, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, and Nagorno-Karabach in greater detail. The third and final section extends the scope of the examination, providing a comparative analysis of similar conflicts involving questions of self-determination and secession in Kosovo, Western Sahara, and Eritrea.

Peoples and minorities in many parts of the world assert a right to self-determination, autonomy, and even secession from a state, which naturally conflicts with that state''s sovereignty and territorial integrity. The right of a people to self-determination and secession has existed as a concept within international law since the American Declaration of Independence in 1776, but the exact definition of these concepts, and the conditions required for their application, remain unclear. The Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice concerning the Declaration of Independency of Kosovo (2010), which held that the Kosovo declaration of independence was not in violation of international law, has only led to further questions. This book takes four conflicts in the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a starting point for examining the current state of the law of self-determination and secession. Four entities, Transnistria (Moldova), South Ossetia, Abkhazia (both Georgia), and Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijan), claim to be entitled not only to self-determination but also to secession from their mother state. For this entitlement they rely on historic affiliations, and on charges of discrimination and massive human rights violations committed by their mother state. This book sets out its analysis of these critical issue in three parts, providing a detailed understanding of the principles of international law on which they rely: The first part sets out the contours and meaning of self-determination and secession, including an overall assessment of secession within the Commonwealth of Independent States. The second section provides case studies investigating the events in Transnistria, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, and Nagorno-Karabach in greater detail. The third and final section extends the scope of the examination, providing a comparative analysis of similar conflicts involving questions of self-determination and secession in Kosovo, Western Sahara, and Eritrea.

Peoples and minorities in many parts of the world assert a right to self-determination, autonomy, and even secession from a state, which naturally conflicts with that state's sovereignty and territorial integrity. The right of a people to self-determination and secession has existed as a concept within international law since the American Declaration of Independence in 1776, but the exact definition of these concepts, and the conditions required for their application, remain unclear. The Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice concerning the Declaration of Independency of Kosovo (2010), which held that the Kosovo declaration of independence was not in violation of international law, has only led to further questions. This book takes four conflicts in the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a starting point for examining the current state of the law of self-determination and secession. Four entities, Transnistria (Moldova), South Ossetia, Abkhazia (both Georgia), and Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijan), claim to be entitled not only to self-determination but also to secession from their mother state. For this entitlement they rely on historic affiliations, and on charges of discrimination and massive human rights violations committed by their mother state. This book sets out its analysis of these critical issue in three parts, providing a detailed understanding of the principles of international law on which they rely: The first part sets out the contours and meaning of self-determination and secession, including an overall assessment of secession within the Commonwealth of Independent States. The second section provides case studies investigating the events in Transnistria, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, and Nagorno-Karabach in greater detail. The third and final section extends the scope of the examination, providing a comparative analysis of similar conflicts involving questions of self-determination and secession in Kosovo, Western Sahara, and Eritrea.

Each financial crisis calls for — by its novelty and the mechanisms it shares with preceding crises — appropriate means to analyze financial risks. In Extreme Financial Risks and Asset Allocation, the authors present in an accessible and timely manner the concepts, methods, and techniques that are essential for an understanding of these risks in an environment where asset prices are subject to sudden, rough, and unpredictable changes. These phenomena, mathematically known as “jumps”, play an important role in practice. Their quantitative treatment is generally tricky and is sparsely tackled in similar books. One of the main appeals of this book lies in its approachable and concise presentation of the ad hoc mathematical tools without sacrificing the necessary rigor and precision.This book contains theories and methods which are usually found in highly technical mathematics books or in scattered, often very recent, research articles. It is a remarkable pedagogical work that makes these difficult results accessible to a large readership. Researchers, Masters and PhD students, and financial engineers alike will find this book highly useful.

With the high interest in renewable resources, the field of algal biotechnology has undergone a huge leap in importance in recent years. The book treats the biological fundamentals of microalgal biotechnology in physiology and molecular biology and provides an overview of applications and products. It furthermore includes a survey of the state-of-the-art in process engineering of algae cultivation starting with mass production in open ponds and leading you to advanced technologies in closed photobioreactors. Thus crucial enabling technologies reaching from genetic manipulation to bioprocess engineering are reviewed. Contributions from academia and industrial case studies make this book a comprehensive survey of current progress in microalgae biotechnology. So this book will be of interest to active people in biology, biotechnology, and engineering in the area of sustainable production of high value products or mass production of food and fuel for the future.

With the high interest in renewable resources, the field of algal biotechnology has undergone a huge leap in importance in recent years. The book treats the biological fundamentals of microalgal biotechnology in physiology and molecular biology and provides an overview of applications and products. It furthermore includes a survey of the state-of-the-art in process engineering of algae cultivation starting with mass production in open ponds and leading you to advanced technologies in closed photobioreactors. Thus crucial enabling technologies reaching from genetic manipulation to bioprocess engineering are reviewed. Contributions from academia and industrial case studies make this book a comprehensive survey of current progress in microalgae biotechnology. So this book will be of interest to active people in biology, biotechnology, and engineering in the area of sustainable production of high value products or mass production of food and fuel for the future.

With the high interest in renewable resources, the field of algal biotechnology has undergone a huge leap in importance in recent years. The book Microalgae Biotechnology - Integration and Economy treats integrated approaches to bring the high potential of microalgae into application, accelerate the development of really working production processes and put finally the products on the market. Close interaction of biology and process engineering becomes visible in the described processes. The big impact of microalgal biotechnology on our future society is outlined as a desirable consequence of scientific progress. This book will allow protagonists in academia and industry as well as decision makers in industry and politics to get a clear picture of current possibilities and future trends in microalgal biotechnology.

With the high interest in renewable resources, the field of algal biotechnology has undergone a huge leap in importance in recent years. The book Microalgae Biotechnology - Integration and Economy treats integrated approaches to bring the high potential of microalgae into application, accelerate the development of really working production processes and put finally the products on the market. Close interaction of biology and process engineering becomes visible in the described processes. The big impact of microalgal biotechnology on our future society is outlined as a desirable consequence of scientific progress. This book will allow protagonists in academia and industry as well as decision makers in industry and politics to get a clear picture of current possibilities and future trends in microalgal biotechnology.

Dieser Band enthält die Referate und Diskussionen auf der Tagung der Deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer in Kiel vom 3. bis 6. Oktober 2012.

Dieser Band enthält die Referate und Diskussionen der Sondertagung der Vereinigung der Deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer in Wien am 9. April 2021:

STAAT UND GESELLSCHAFT IN DER PANDEMIE

Anna Katharina Mangold, Relationale Freiheit. Grundrechte in der Pandemie

Stephan Rixen, Verwaltungsrecht der vulnerablen Gesellschaft

Matthias Mahlmann, Demokratie im Notstand? Rechtliche und epistemische Bedingungen der Krisenresistenz der Demokratie

Andreas Th. Müller, Europa und die Pandemie. Zuständigkeitsdefizite und Kooperationszwänge

Band 63 (2015) erscheint unter neuer Herausgeberschaft und mit teilweise neuer Struktur: Schwerpunktthema, Debatte sowie Portraits und Erinnerungen heißen neue Rubriken. Dabei setzen in diesem Band Beiträge zu den Themen Verfassungsidentität und zur Rechtsvergleichung im öffentlichen Recht besondere Akzente. Die Rubriken Abhandlungen und Entwicklungen des Verfassungsrechts im europäischen und außereuropäischen Raum werden fortgesetzt. Einen besonderen Schwerpunkt dieses Bandes bildet dabei die Verfassungsentwicklung in Lateinamerika.

Es gibt politische Entscheidungen, die Gemeinwesen langfristig prägen und politische Systemwechsel überdauern, obwohl sie immer umstritten waren. Der vorliegende Band untersucht solche kontroversen Richtungsentscheidungen aus geschichts- und rechtswissenschaftlicher Perspektive anhand vier zentraler Politikfelder: Wahlrecht, öffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunk, Krankenversicherungssystem und Energiepolitik. Die Beiträge zeigen, wie beständig bestimmte Entscheidungen trotz anhaltender Kontroversen sind. Der Grund: Sie strukturieren demokratische Prozesse über Jahrzehnte hinweg. Die interdisziplinären Analysen decken auf, welche rechtlichen und gesellschaftlichen Faktoren Entscheidungen zu Richtungsentscheidungen machen und sie als solche etablieren. Der Band liefert so zugleich einen neuen Ansatz zum Verständnis demokratischer Entscheidungskulturen.

The events of 11 September 2001 have provoked reactions to fight ter­ rorist activities in national legal orders all over the world. They have also led to significant developments in international law with respect to combating terrorism by military and non-military action. In order to study and discuss these newer developments of the worldwide cam­ paign against terrorism the Max-Planck-Institute on Comparative Pub­ lic law and International Law organized a Conference entitled «Terror­ ism as a Challenge for National and International Law", which was held in Heidelberg on 24 and 25 January 2003. In preparation of the conference national reports had been written, in which the legal developments in selected countries and legal orders be­ fore and after 11 September 2001 were analyzed. The aim was on the one hand to visualize specific problems of counter-terrorist action on the national level and on the other hand to focus on possible structural changes in the legislation of the states concerned. The national reports were used as a basis for comparative presentations at the conference which analyzed the development concerning certain subject matters, such as the definition of terrorism, human rights protection etc. To ini­ tialize the discussiop and for the examination of the theses set up in the papers renowned scholars from Germany and abroad had been asked to commentate on the presentations. This volume contains the material prepared for the conference.

The World Court Digest presents the decisions of the International Court of Justice. The new volume covers the period from 1991 to 1995. The pronouncements of the Court which are of importance for international law in the judgments including separate and dissenting opinions have been systematically arranged under specific topics concerning substantive international law as well as procedural international law. The World Court Digest provides the reader with a reliable means of access to the decisions of the most important international judicial organ concerning cases as important as the Lockerbie-case; the question of the violation of the genocide convention, of the nuclear test problem, to mention only some of the most important issues.

Erstmals seit Anfang der 70er Jahre behandelt die Arbeit den von der VN-Satzung für regionale Aktivitäten der Friedenssicherung gezogenen rechtlichen Rahmen anhand der jüngsten Praxis des Sicherheitsrats und bestimmter Regionalorganisationen (u.a. ECOWAS, GUS, OAS, OSZE, NATO, WEU). Der Begriff der Regionalorganisation, insbesondere im Verhältnis zu Organisationen kollektiver Selbstverteidigung, die Möglichkeiten regionaler Friedenssicherung in den Bereichen friedliche Streitbeilegung, Durchführung von Zwangsmaßnahmen und die Entsendung von Friedenstruppen werden erörtert. Außerdem wird die neuerdings verstärkt stattfindende Zusammenarbeit zwischen Vereinten Nationen und Regionalorganisationen dargestellt.

Der Band gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Rechtsgebiete des israelischen RechtsGeschichte und Rechtsquellen des israelischen RechtsVerfassungsrechtSchuld- und DeliktsrechtRechts des geistigen EigentumsTrusts und Antitrust-RechtGesellschaftsrechtArbeits- und SteuerrechtFamilienrechtStrafrechtInternationales PrivatrechtIsrael und die EUIsrael und das VölkerrechtDie Autorinnen und Autoren sind sämtlich ausgewiesene Spezialisten auf dem jeweils von ihnen behandelten Gebiet und lehren an renommierten israelischen Universitäten.Der Band ist für Studierende, Referendare, aber auch Rechtsanwälte, Steuer- und Unternehmensberater, Praktiker in Wirtschaft, Verwaltung, Justiz sowie Medien und jeden, der sonst mit dem israelischen Recht in Berührung kommt unbedingt zu empfehlen.

At a time where multilateralism is coming under increasing pressure, a new reflection on the foundations of international law is warranted. Democracy and Sovereignty: Rethinking the Legitimacy of Public International Law addresses urgent new and intrinsically international subject areas, such as digitalization, climate change and transborder investments. This volume looks at the changing role of state sovereignty and explores more democratic modes of legitimation in order to supplement the traditional concept of state consent, and sharpen the notion of democracy itself.

Kulturelle Diversifizierung ist ein Kennzeichen moderner Gesellschaften. Wie das öffentliche Recht auf die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen für das Thema 'Religion' reagieren soll, ist derzeit Gegenstand einer lebhaften wissenschaftlichen Debatte, die unter den Stichworten 'Staatskirchenrecht' und 'Religionsverfassungsrecht' geführt wird. Während ersterer vornehmlich am institutionellen Verhältnis zwischen Staat und verfassten Religionsgemeinschaften orientiert ist, versucht letzterer die gemeinschaftsbezogenen Aspekte von Religion auch über das Grundrecht der Religionsfreiheit zu sichern. Dieser Band dokumentiert die Kontroverse zwischen Vertretern dieser beiden Ansätze. Dabei werden unterschiedliche dogmatische Konzeptionen bei der Zuordnung von Religion und öffentlicher Gewalt herausgearbeitet. Im Zentrum stehen vor allem drei Fragenkreise: Erstens: Wird Religion durch das Grundgesetz im letzten vom Individuum her und damit grundrechtlich in den Blick genommen oder stehen gleichbedeutend daneben besondere institutionelle Arrangements mit eigener Sachlogik? Zweitens: Welchen Raum lässt die religiös-weltanschauliche Neutralität des Staates unter Bedingungen religiöser Pluralität für Differenzierungen zwischen Religionen? Verlangt sie nicht Parität in Form religiöser Nichtdiskriminierung sowie umfassender und effektiver Gleichbehandlung? Genügt der rechtliche Status quo diesen Anforderungen? Und schließlich: Stellt das Christentum eine besondere verfassungskulturelle Voraussetzung für den säkularen, freiheitlichen Verfassungsstaat dar? Bezieht das Staatskirchenrecht hieraus eine besondere Legitimität? Wenn dem so ist: in welchem Maße vermögen nichtchristliche Religionen sozialproduktive Kräfte in einer modernen Gesellschaft zu entfalten?

Die Sicherung der Energieversorgung im weltweiten Maßstab wird in Zukunft zentrale Bedeutung erlangen. Nach der Einschätzung des Generalsekretärs der Organisation Erdölexportierender Länder (OPEC) werden 4/5 des Wachstums der Ölnachfrage in den nächsten zwei Dekaden aus Entwicklungsländern kommen, deren Konsum sich verdoppeln wird. Der aus dem nationalen Energierecht bekannte Grundsatz der "Versorgungssicherheit" wird damit vor neue Herausforderungen gestellt. Ausgehend von einer Analyse der strategisch-politischen Rahmenbedingungen untersuchen die Autoren der Beiträge im vorliegenden Band die Steuerungsmöglichkeiten des Rechts auf den verschiedenen Stufen der Versorgungskette, also von der Rohstoffgewinnung bis zur Versorgung des Endverbrauchers. Dies geschieht auf der Ebene des internationalen, des europäischen und des nationalen Rechts. Konkret untersucht werden das europäische und nationale Regulierungsverwaltungsrecht, das internationale Investitionsschutzrecht, das Welthandelsrecht, das private internationale Wirtschaftsrecht und das Kartellrecht. Im Vordergrund steht dabei nicht nur der Streit um Umfang und Grenzen einer Liberalisierung der Energieversorgung, sondern die Autoren beziehen auch in rechtspolitischen Debatten Stellung, wie etwa derjenigen um den richtigen "Energiemix" und die Zukunft der Kernenergie.

Der vorliegende Band enthält die wesentlichen Ergebnisse einer interdisziplinären Tagung zur Geschichte der Europäischen Integration unter Mitwirkung von Historikern und Rechtswissenschaftlern. Neben einer Vergewisserung über die Methoden dieser beiden Disziplinen betrachten die Autoren die Entstehung der Europäischen Union unter den Parametern "Integration", "Legitimation", "Identität" und "Konstitutionalisierung". Dabei werden unter anderem Hintergründe und Ursachen für das Scheitern des Entwurfs einer Verfassung für Europa deutlich. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit widmen die Autoren der Rolle der Gerichtsbarkeit, die insgesamt für den Europäischen Einigungsprozess von herausragender Bedeutung war. Deshalb kommen an den Entscheidungen von Bundesverfassungsgericht und Europäischem Gerichtshof beteiligte Richter zu Wort und berichten aus der Binnenperspektive über die Rolle der Gerichte. Die Beiträge regen dazu an, weitere konkrete Einzelfragen herauszuarbeiten, an denen sich Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der Wahrnehmung durch die Geschichts- und Rechtswissenschaft mit Gewinn für beide aufzeigen lassen. Zu solchen Einzelfragen könnten die Rolle von Gemeinschaft und Union als eigenständige außenpolitische Akteure, eine noch breitere Analyse der Rolle des Gerichtshofs im europäischen Integrationsprozess und die Frage nach Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Gemeinschaftsbildung jenseits staatlicher Strukturen gehören.