Lester Embree – författare

Contemporaryphilosophyseems a great swirling almost chaos. Every situation must seem so at the time, probably because philosophy itself resists structura­ tion and because personal and political factors within as well as without the discipline must fade in order for the genuinely philosophical merits of performances to be assessed. Nevertheless, some remarks can still be made to situate the present volume. For example, at least half of philosophy on planet Earth is today pursued in North America (which is not to say that this portion is any less internally incoherent than the whole of which it thus becomes the largest part) and the present volume is North American. (Incidentally, the recognition of culturally geographic traditions and tendencies nowise implies that striving for cross-culturalif not trans-cultural philosophical validity has failed or ceased. Rather, it merely recognizes a significant aspect relevant from the historical point of view.) Episte- Aesthetics Ethics Etc. mology Analytic Philosophy Marxism Existentialism Etc. Figure 1. There are two main ways in which philosophical developments are classified. One is in terms of tendencies, movements, and schools of thought and the other is in terms of traditional sub-disciplines. When there is little contention among schools, the predominant way is in terms of sub-disciplines, such as aesthetics, ethics, politics, etc. Today this mode of classification can be seen to intersect with that in terms of movements and tendencies, both of which are represented in the above chart.

Philosophers contributing new ideas are commonly caught within a received philosophical vocabulary and will often coin new, technical terms. Husserl understood himself as advancing a new theory of intentionality, and he fashioned the new vocabulary of "noesis" and "noema". But Husserl's own statements regarding the noema are ambiguous. Hence, it is no surprise that controversy has ensued. The articles in this book elucidate and clarify the notion of the noema; the book includes articles which phenomenologically describe and analyze the noemata of various experiences as well as articles which undertake the "metaphenomenological" explication of the doctrine of the noema. These two enterprises cannot be isolated from one another. Any analysis of the noema of a particular type of experience will necessarily illustrate, at least by instantiating the general notion of noema. And any metaphenomenological account of the noema itself will guide particular researches into the noemata of particular experiences.

An idea of the philosophy of archaeology can best be gained by showing what it is, what the issues are, who is working in the field and how theyr proceed. In this introduction to the field several leading archaeologists show how accessible and interesting the current archaeological literature is, and currently active philosophers of archaeology reveal something of the current state of discussion on the subject. Bibliographies have also been developed of the philosophy of archaeology as well as of selected parts of the component that can be called metaarchaeology. Finally an historical introduction has been included to show the variety of metascientific as well as orientational standpoints to which philosophers of archaeology have had recourse for over two decades, followed by speculation about the future of the discipline within the philosophy of science.

This volume is a selection of essays from the Japanese-American Joint Seminar on Phenomenology held in the suburbs of Sanda-city (Japan) October 24-27, 1989, under the auspices of the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology, Inc. Florida Atiantic University and the Phenomenological Association of Japan. Professor Eiichi Shimomisse played a particularly impartant role in the organizational processes. The theme of the conference was "Japanese and Western Phenomenology. " This seminar marks the first attempt to organize, on a comparatively large scale, a cooperative research meeting in phenomenology (perhaps for the first time even in philosophy in general) between Japan and the English speaking West. Eighteen phenomenologists from the United States, Canada, and Australia and about thirty Japanese colleagues attended the meeting. Revised vers ions of aimost all the papers that were read and discussed in the sessions are inc1uded. It was not a trifling affair to setHe upon what language we phenome- nologists from across the world could use to communicate with each other at this conference.As many of the Japanese scholars had studied in Germany and speak better German than English, the official language of the seminar was defined to inc1ude both German and English. So me of the papers, accordingly, were written and read in German. But now they are all rewritten here in English. Not only these papers, but aH the manuscripts written by Japanese authors were edited both grammaticaHy and stylisticaHy by Professor Blosser.

Phenomenology of the Cultural Disciplines is an interdisciplinary study, reflecting the recent emergence of various particular forms of 'phenomenological philosophy of ...'. Included are such fields as psychology, social sciences and history, as well as environmental philosophy, ethnic studies, religion and even more practical disciplines, such as medicine, psychiatry, politics, and technology. The Introduction provides a way of understanding how these various developments are integrated. On the basis of a Husserlian notion of culture, it proposes a generic concept of 'cultural disciplines' (which is broader than but inclusive of 'human sciences') which subsumes the more specific concepts of 'cultural sciences', 'axiotic disciplines' (e.g. architecture), and 'practical disciplines'.

This encyclopedia presents phenomenological thought and the phenomenological movement within philosophy and within more than a score of other disciplines on a level accessible to professional colleagues of other orientations as well as to advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Entries average 3,000 words. In practically all cases, they include lists of works "For Further Study." The Introduction briefly chronicles the changing phenomenological agenda and compares phenomenology with other 20th Century movements. The 166 entries are a baut matters of seven sorts: ( 1) the faur broad tendencies and periods within the phenomenological movement; (2) twenty-three national traditions ofphenomenology; (3) twenty-two philosophical sub-disciplines, including those referred to with the formula "the philosophy of x"; (4) phenomenological tendencies within twenty-one non-philosophical dis­ ciplines; (5) forty major phenomenological topics; (6) twenty-eight leading phenomenological figures; and (7) twenty-seven non-phenomenological figures and movements ofinteresting sim­ ilarities and differences with phenomenology. Conventions Concern ing persons, years ofbirth and death are given upon first mention in an entry ofthe names of deceased non-phenomenologists. The names of persons believed tobe phenomenologists and also, for cross-referencing purposes, the titles of other entries are printed entirely in SMALL CAPITAL letters, also upon first mention. In addition, all words thus occurring in all small capital letters are listed in the index with the numbers of all pages on which they occur. To facilitate indexing, Chinese, Hungarian, and Japanese names have been re-arranged so that the personal name precedes the family name.

There is an almost inverse proportion between the influence that this text exercised on important philosophical developments in this century and the attention it has received in secondary literature. It is divided into three sections dealing with the constitution of material nature, the constitution of animal nature, and that of spiritual nature. The essays in this volume deal with various aspects of all three of these sections. The starting point of an essay is often a passage from the Husserlian text, yet each essay goes beyond the text, addressing the issues raised by Husserl's analyses.

Although a key aspect of the phenomenological movement is its contribution to value theory (axiology) and value perception (almost all the major figures devoted a great part of their labors to these topics), there has been relatively little attention paid to these themes. This volume is an anthology on value-theory in the phenomenological movement. It indicates the scope of the issues by discussing: the distinctive acts of valuing, openness to value, the objectivity of values, the summation and combination of values, the deconstruction of values, the value of absence, and the value of nature. It also contains discussions of most of the major representative figures not only in their own right but also in relationship to one another: Von Ehrenfels, Brentano, Scheler, Hartmann, Husserl, Heidegger, Schutz, and Derrida.

Using outlines and scattered passages of relevance, this work includes a construction of the work Schutz did not, but was clearly prepared to write on how authors and audiences relate to one another in lyric poetry, drama, and the novel. This construction shows how Schutz anticipated reader-response theory and provides a basis not only for his theory of literature but also - along with his writings on music - for his theory of art. In addition, this work contains essays commenting on the construction by Ilja Srubar, Michael McDuffie, Martin Endress, Hisashi Nasu, and Fred Kersten, and works developing aspects of Schutz's account further by Lewis Gordon, Daniel Cefai, Stanford Lyman, George Psathas, and Michael Barger.

This volume has been developed through a research symposium held in October 1997 under the sponsorship of the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology, Inc. and Florida Atlantic University. Besides its chief purposes of advancing research on as well as in the spirit of the work of Alfred Schutz (1899-1959) and of laying foundations for the upcoming Schutz centennial year, it is also a "medical checkup," one might say, concerning the state of research on the work of Schutz as well as research influenced by him a decade after some similar assessments, i. e. , Alfred Schutz: Neue Beitriige zur Rezeption seines Werkes, ed. Elisabeth List and Ilja Srubar (Amsterdam: Rodolphi, 1988) and Worldly Phenomenology: The Continuing Influence of Alfred Schutz on North American Human Science, ed. Lester Embree (Washington, D. C. : Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology and University Press of America, 1988). Much has changed during the past decade. First of all, a considerable quantity of new primary source material has become available, beginning with Alfred Schutz, Col/ectedPapers, Vol. IV, edd.Helmut Wagner, George Psathas, and Fred Kersten (DordrechtIBostoniLondon: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996), but also including "Positivistic Philosophy and the Actual Approach of Interpretative Social Science: An Ineditum of Alfred Schutz from Spring 1953," Husserl Studies, vol. 14, pp. 123-149, 1977, "The Sociology of Language" (1958), edited from his course notes by Fred Kersten, and "T. S.

This volume is a collection of phenomenological investigations of the political domain. The essays: analyze basic concepts such as action, community, and the relation of the political to the ethical; investigate fundamental issues such as the nation-state, leadership, sovereignty, and responsibility; and examine the convergence of these matters as exemplified in racial discrimination. The volume also includes discussions of the often-neglected work of such important contributors to this field as Alfred Schutz and Paul Ricoeur. The essays demonstrate that the distinctive contribution of phenomenology to political philosophy remains its commitment to the ways in which the matters it considers present themselves, rather than to the intellectual and philosophical frameworks within which they have traditionally been understood.The fidelity to this task - as evidenced throughout this collection - serves then not only to advance inquiry into the issues with which each essay is concerned but also to further an approach to political philosophy that, though still often overlooked in the mainstream, nevertheless continues to produce important and unique advances in the attempt to understand the fundamental problems of the political sphere.

This volume comprises systematic as well as historical essays, including contributions intended to give comprehensive overviews of such areas as genetic phenomenology, transcendental phenomenology, philosophy and history of logic and mathematics, Kant, hermeneutics, Hegel, and philosophy of language. The book is addressed to phenomenologists, particularly those who are interested in some or all of the areas mentioned. In his introduction Joseph J. Kockelmans indicates that these diverse areas enter into dialogue in the work of Thomas M. Seebohm, whom the editors and authors wish to honour, and the systematic papers mirror the state of the art of research in the above-mentioned disciplines.

This volume contains essays on the related issues of gender and feminism approached phenomenologically. Lived experience is gendered and especially women's experiences are not well reflected in ordinary language. To understand them, one must go beyond analyzing language and to the matters of gendered human life itself. The essays in this volume should advance this investigation.

Temporality has been a central issue in phenomenology since its inception. Husserl's groundbreaking investigations of the consciousness of internal time early in the century inaugurated a phenomenological tradition enriched by such figures as Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Eugen Fink. The authors of the essays collected in this volume continue that tradition, challenging, expanding, and deepening it. Many of the essays explore topics involving the deepest levels of temporal constitution, including the relationship of temporality to the self and to the world; the ways in which temporalizing consciousness and what it temporalizes present themselves; and the roles and nature of present, past, and future. Other essays develop original positions concerning history, tradition, narrative, the time of generations, the coherence of one's life, and the place of time in the visual arts. The authors aim to show how invaluable phenomenology is for the investigation of time's many faces.

This volume stems chiefly from a research symposiumofthe same title held in Delray Beach, Florida during May 1997 with the sponsorship of Florida Atlantic University and the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology, Inc.The papers from that occasionhave been revised inthe lightofcriticismbysympatheticcolleagues. Onepaperthat waspresentedhas notbeen includedandtwohavebeen added,thatoftheFullbrooks, whichwas prepared for the symposium but could not be presented, and that by Ms. Sarah Miller because life in South Floridaprevents one from forgetting old age,whichSimone deBeauvoirwasthefirstinphenomenologytodescribeat length.ProfessorToadvine'sbibliography wasavailablefromtheoutsetofthe project and was then used and praised by all. The colleagues included here and also Professor Dorothy Leland are thanked for their sympathetic participation in the symposium. Mr. Samuel Julian is thanked for the technical editing ofthis volume. Wendy O'Brien Lester Embree VB Introduction Wendy O'Brien Humber College Early studiesofthephilosophyofSimonedeBeauvoirreadherworks through the lensofeitherFeminismorExistentialism.Whilebothofthesereadingsof her writings have afforded important insights into her thought, they have at the same time overlooked the basic approachofher philosophy, resulting in claims of inconsistencies and of a lack of rigor.Feminist theorists, for example, found an importantpoliticalagendainBeauvoir'swork. However, with their focus on this elementofher writing, they tended to overlook the philosophicalunderpinningsofherreflectionsonthe livesofwomen. Read as such,Beauvoirhasbeencriticizedbyher contemporariesforthe incoherence in her work and for her failure to presentpositive role models for women in her novels, essays, and studies.

This collection focuses on the introduction of phenomenology to the United States by the community of scholars who taught and studied at the New School for Social Research from 1954 through 1973. During those years, Dorion Cairns, Alfred Schutz, and Aron Gurwitsch—all former students of Edmund Husserl—came together in the department of philosophy to establish the first locus of phenomenology scholarship in the country. This founding trio was soon joined by three other prominent scholars in the field: Werner Marx, Thomas M. Seebohm, and J. N. Mohanty. The Husserlian phenomenology that they brought to the New School has subsequently spread through the Anglophone world as the tradition of Continental philosophy.The first part of this volume includes original works by each of these six influential teachers of phenomenology, introduced either by one of their students or, in the case of Seebohm and Mohanty, by the thinkers themselves. The second part comprises contributions from twelve leading scholars of phenomenology who trained at the New School during this period. The result is a powerful document tracing the lineage and development of phenomenology in the North American context, written by members of the first two generations of scholars who shaped the field.Contributors: Michael Barber, Lester Embree, Jorge García-Gómez, Fred Kersten, Thomas M. T. Luckmann, William McKenna, J. N. Mohanty, Giuseppina C. Moneta, Thomas Nenon, George Psathas, Osborne P. Wiggins, Matthew M. Seebohm, and Richard M. Zaner.

Merleau-Ponty's Reading of Husserl explores the relationship between two of the greatest thinkers of the 20th century: Edmund Husserl, the father of modern phenomenology, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, considered by many to be his greatest philosophical heir. While Merleau-Ponty's influence on the dissemination and reception of Husserl's thought is indisputable, unresolved questions remain concerning the philosophical projects of these two thinkers: Does phenomenology first reach its true potential in Merleau-Ponty's hands, guided by his appreciation of the tacit goals underlying Husserl's philosophical project? Or is Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology a creative but ultimately misdirected appropriation of Husserl's work? In this volume, ten scholars draw on contemporary research and rarely-accessed manuscripts to offer fresh insights into Merleau-Ponty's reading of Husserl - with implications for our understanding of phenomenology's significance, its method, and the future of philosophy.

Against a background of ethics, this handbook aims to show the great fertility of the phenomenological tradition for the study of ethics and moral philosophy by collecting a set of papers on the contributions to ethical thought by major phenomenological thinkers. Twenty-one chapters in the book are articles by experts who explore the thought of the major ethical thinkers in the first two generations of the phenomenological tradition and direct the reader toward the most relevant primary and secondary materials. The final three chapters of the book sketch more contemporary developments in various parts of the world, and the first three chapters investigate the relations between phenomenology and the dominant normative approaches in contemporary moral philosophy.

When I heard the rumor that the findings about the central nervous system obtained with new technology, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), were too subtle to correlate with the crude results of many decades of behavioristic psychology, and that some psychologists were now turning to descriptions of subjective phenomena in William James, Edmund Husserl, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty—and even in Buddhism—I asked myself, “Why not Aron Gurwitsch as well?” After all, my teacher regularly reflected on the types, basic concepts, and methods of psychology, worked with Adhémar Gelb and Kurt Goldstein in the institute investigating brain-injured veterans at Frankfurt in the 1920s, conspicuously employed Gestalt theory to revise central Husserlian doctrines, and taught Merleau-Ponty a thing or two. That the last book from his Nachlass had recently been published and that I had recently written an essay on his theory of 1 psychology no doubt helped crystallize this project for me. What is “cognitive science”? At one point in assembling this volume I polled the participants, asking whether they preferred “the cognitive sciences” or “cognitive science. ” Most who answered preferred the latter expression. There is still some vagueness here for me, but I do suspect that cognitive science is 2 another example of what I call a “multidiscipline. ” A multidiscipline includes participants who confront a set of issues that is best approached under more than one disciplinary perspective.

This work is devoted to developing as well as expounding the theory of the cultural sciences of the philosopher Alfred Schutz (1899-1959).

This volume presents political phenomenology as a new specialty in western philosophical and political thought that is post-classical, post-Machiavellian, and post-behavioral. It draws on history and sets the agenda for future explorations of political issues. It discloses crossroads between ethics and politics and explores border-crossing issues. All the essays in this volume challenge existing ideas of politics significantly. As such they open new ways for further explorations BY future generations of phenomenologists and non-phenomenologists alike. Moreover, the comprehensive chronological bibliography is unprecedented and provides not only an excellent picture of what phenomenologists have already done but also a guide for the future.

This work is devoted to developing as well as expounding the theory of the cultural sciences of the philosopher Alfred Schutz (1899-1959).

This volume presents political phenomenology as a new specialty in western philosophical and political thought that is post-classical, post-Machiavellian, and post-behavioral. It draws on history and sets the agenda for future explorations of political issues. It discloses crossroads between ethics and politics and explores border-crossing issues.

Historically, phenomenology began in Edmund Husserl’s theory of mathematics and logic, went on to focus for him on transcendental rst philosophy and for others on metaphysics, philosophical anthropology, and theory of interpretation. The c- tinuing focus has thus been on knowledge and being. But if one began without those interests and with an understanding of the phenomenological style of approach, one might well see that art and aesthetics make up the most natural eld to be approached phenomenologically. Contributions to this eld have continually been made in the phenomenological tradition from very early on, but, so to speak, along the side. (The situation has been similar with phenomenological ethics. ) A great deal of thought about art and aesthetics has nevertheless accumulated during a century and a handbook like the present one is long overdue. The project of this handbook began in conversations over dinner in Sepp’s apa- ment in Baden-Baden at one evening of the hot European summer in the year 2003. As things worked out, he knew more about whom to ask and how much space to allocate to each entry and Embree knew more about how to conduct the inviting, preliminary editing, and prodding of contributors who were late returning their criticized drafts and copyedited entries and was able to invest the time and other resources from his endowed chair. That process took longer than anticipated and there were additional unfortunate delays due to factors beyond the editors’s control.

Philosophers contributing new ideas are commonly caught within a received philosophical vocabulary and will often coin new, technical terms. Husserl understood himself as advancing a new theory of intentionality, and he fashioned the new vocabulary of `noesis' and `noema'. But Husserl's own statements regarding the noema are ambiguous. Hence, it is no surprise that controversy has ensued. The articles in this book elucidate and clarify the notion of the noema; the book includes articles which phenomenologically describe and analyze the noemata of various experiences as well as articles which undertake the `metaphenomenological' explication of the doctrine of the noema. These two enterprises cannot be isolated from one another. Any analysis of the noema of a particular type of experience will necessarily illustrate, at least by instantiating the general notion of noema. And any metaphenomenological account of the noema itself will guide particular researches into the noemata of particular experiences.

This volume is a selection of essays from the Japanese-American Joint Seminar on Phenomenology held in the suburbs of Sanda-city (Japan) October 24-27, 1989, under the auspices of the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology, Inc. Florida Atiantic University and the Phenomenological Association of Japan. Professor Eiichi Shimomisse played a particularly impartant role in the organizational processes. The theme of the conference was "Japanese and Western Phenomenology. " This seminar marks the first attempt to organize, on a comparatively large scale, a cooperative research meeting in phenomenology (perhaps for the first time even in philosophy in general) between Japan and the English speaking West. Eighteen phenomenologists from the United States, Canada, and Australia and about thirty Japanese colleagues attended the meeting. Revised vers ions of aimost all the papers that were read and discussed in the sessions are inc1uded. It was not a trifling affair to setHe upon what language we phenome- nologists from across the world could use to communicate with each other at this conference.As many of the Japanese scholars had studied in Germany and speak better German than English, the official language of the seminar was defined to inc1ude both German and English. So me of the papers, accordingly, were written and read in German. But now they are all rewritten here in English. Not only these papers, but aH the manuscripts written by Japanese authors were edited both grammaticaHy and stylisticaHy by Professor Blosser.

On the basis of a Husserlian notion of culture, it proposes a generic concept of `cultural disciplines' (which is broader than but inclusive of `human sciences') which subsumes the more specific concepts of `cultural sciences', `axiotic disciplines' (e.g.

The Encyclopedia of Phenomenology presents phenomenological thought and the phenomenological movement within philosophy and within more than a score of other disciplines on a level accessible to professional colleagues of other orientations as well as to advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Entries average 3,000 words. In practically all cases, they include lists of works 'For Further Study'. The Introduction briefly chronicles the changing phenomenological agenda and compares phenomenology with other 20th Century movements. The 166 entries are about matters of seven sorts: the four broad tendencies and periods within the phenomenological movement; twenty-three national traditions of phenomenology; twenty-two philosophical sub-disciplines, including those referred to with the formula 'the philosophy of x'; phenomenological tendencies within twenty-one non-philosophical disciplines; forty major phenomenological topics; twenty-eight leading phenomenological figures; and twenty-seven non-phenomenological figures and movements of interesting similarities and differences with phenomenology.Concerning persons, years of birth and death are given upon first mention in an entry of the names of deceased non-phenomenologists. The names of persons believed to be phenomenologists and also, for cross-referencing purposes, the titles of other entries are printed entirely in SMALL CAPITAL letters, also upon first mention. In addition, all words thus occurring in all small capital letters are listed in the index with the numbers of all pages on which they occur. To facilitate indexing, Chinese, Hungarian and Japanese names have been re-arranged so that the personal name precedes the family name. Concerning works referred to, the complete titles of books and articles are given in the original language or in a transliteration into Roman script, followed by literalistic translations and the year of original publication in parentheses or, where the date of composition is substantially earlier than that of publication, by the year of composition between brackets.