Scaling Up of Microbial Electrochemical Systems: From Reality to Scalability is the first book of its kind to focus on scaling up of microbial electrochemical systems (MES) and the unique challenges faced when moving towards practical applications using this technology. This book emphasizes an understanding of the current limitations of MES technology and suggests a way forward towards onsite applications of MES for practical use. It includes the basics of MES as well as success stories and case studies of MES in the direction of practical applications.

This book will give a new direction to energy researchers, scientists and policymakers working on field applications of microbial electrochemical systems-microbial fuel cells, microbial electrolysis cells, microbial electrosynthesis cells, and more.

Industrial Biotechnology offers a comprehensive overview of biochemical processes, technologies, and practical applications of industrial biotechnology. The work comprises of chapters that discuss medium preparation, inoculum preparation using industrial strain and upstream processing, various fermentation processes, and physico-chemical separation processes for the purification of products and packaging.

This book is aimed at advanced students, industrial practitioners, and researchers in biotechnology, food engineering, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering.

Industrial Biotechnology offers a comprehensive overview of biochemical processes, technologies, and practical applications of industrial biotechnology. The work comprises of chapters that discuss medium preparation, inoculum preparation using industrial strain and upstream processing, various fermentation processes, and physico-chemical separation processes for the purification of products and packaging.

This book is aimed at advanced students, industrial practitioners, and researchers in biotechnology, food engineering, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering.

Reliability concerns and the limitations of process technology can sometimes restrict the innovation process involved in designing nano-scale analog circuits. The success of nano-scale analog circuit design requires repeat experimentation, correct analysis of the device physics, process technology, and adequate use of the knowledge database.

Starting with the basics, Nano-Scale CMOS Analog Circuits: Models and CAD Techniques for High-Level Design introduces the essential fundamental concepts for designing analog circuits with optimal performances. This book explains the links between the physics and technology of scaled MOS transistors and the design and simulation of nano-scale analog circuits. It also explores the development of structured computer-aided design (CAD) techniques for architecture-level and circuit-level design of analog circuits.

The book outlines the general trends of technology scaling with respect to device geometry, process parameters, and supply voltage. It describes models and optimization techniques, as well as the compact modeling of scaled MOS transistors for VLSI circuit simulation.

• Includes two learning-based methods: the artificial neural network (ANN) and the least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) method

• Provides case studies demonstrating the practical use of these two methods

• Explores circuit sizing and specification translation tasks

• Introduces the particle swarm optimization technique and provides examples of sizing analog circuits

• Discusses the advanced effects of scaled MOS transistors like narrow width effects, and vertical and lateral channel engineering

Nano-Scale CMOS Analog Circuits: Models and CAD Techniques for High-Level Design

The concept of photoelectrochemistry applied to microbial fuel cells could be the future of sustainable wastewater treatment and for hydrogen recovery as a valuable energy source.

With the increase of recalcitrant organic pollutants in industrial wastewater, the need for a sustainable bio-electrochemical process has become pressing in order to ensure that treatment processes are coupled with some beneficiation advantages. Microbial fuel cells combine wastewater treatment and biological power generation. However, the resistance of these organic pollutants to biological degradation requires further adjustment of the system to improve sustainability through maximization of energy production.

Solar energy conversion using photocatalysis has drawn huge attention for its potential to provide renewable and sustainable energy. Furthermore, it might be the solution to serious environmental and energy-related problems. It has been widely understood for several years that the top global issues today are concerned with securing a clean supply of water and ensuring a reasonable price for clean energy. Researchers are studying advanced materials and processes to produce clean, renewable hydrogen fuel through photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic water splitting, as well as to reduce carbon dioxide from the air into fuels through photocatalysis. Limited progress is occurring in these areas.

The purpose of this book is to comprehensively cover the evolvement in the conceptualization and application of photocatalytic fuel cells, as well as make a critical assessment of the contribution in the field of sustainable wastewater treatment and renewable energy production.

This book contains nine specialized chapters that provide comprehensive coverage of the design of photocatalytic fuel cells and their applications, including environmental remediation, chemical synthesis, green energy generation, model simulation for scaling up processes and implementation, and most importantly maximization of hydrogen evolution, recovery, and applications.

Audience

A wide audience of academics, industrial researchers, and graduate students working in heterogeneous photocatalysis, fuel cells, sustainable chemistry, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, environmental protection, and surfaces and interfaces, will find this book useful. The book is also important for professionals, namely environmental managers, water treatment plants managers and operators, water authorities, government regulatory bodies officers, and environmentalists.

The concept of photoelectrochemistry applied to microbial fuel cells could be the future of sustainable wastewater treatment and for hydrogen recovery as a valuable energy source.

With the increase of recalcitrant organic pollutants in industrial wastewater, the need for a sustainable bio-electrochemical process has become pressing in order to ensure that treatment processes are coupled with some beneficiation advantages. Microbial fuel cells combine wastewater treatment and biological power generation. However, the resistance of these organic pollutants to biological degradation requires further adjustment of the system to improve sustainability through maximization of energy production.

Solar energy conversion using photocatalysis has drawn huge attention for its potential to provide renewable and sustainable energy. Furthermore, it might be the solution to serious environmental and energy-related problems. It has been widely understood for several years that the top global issues today are concerned with securing a clean supply of water and ensuring a reasonable price for clean energy. Researchers are studying advanced materials and processes to produce clean, renewable hydrogen fuel through photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic water splitting, as well as to reduce carbon dioxide from the air into fuels through photocatalysis. Limited progress is occurring in these areas.

The purpose of this book is to comprehensively cover the evolvement in the conceptualization and application of photocatalytic fuel cells, as well as make a critical assessment of the contribution in the field of sustainable wastewater treatment and renewable energy production.

This book contains nine specialized chapters that provide comprehensive coverage of the design of photocatalytic fuel cells and their applications, including environmental remediation, chemical synthesis, green energy generation, model simulation for scaling up processes and implementation, and most importantly maximization of hydrogen evolution, recovery, and applications.

Audience

A wide audience of academics, industrial researchers, and graduate students working in heterogeneous photocatalysis, fuel cells, sustainable chemistry, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, environmental protection, and surfaces and interfaces, will find this book useful. The book is also important for professionals, namely environmental managers, water treatment plants managers and operators, water authorities, government regulatory bodies officers, and environmentalists.

Reliability concerns and the limitations of process technology can sometimes restrict the innovation process involved in designing nano-scale analog circuits. The success of nano-scale analog circuit design requires repeat experimentation, correct analysis of the device physics, process technology, and adequate use of the knowledge database.

Starting with the basics, Nano-Scale CMOS Analog Circuits: Models and CAD Techniques for High-Level Design introduces the essential fundamental concepts for designing analog circuits with optimal performances. This book explains the links between the physics and technology of scaled MOS transistors and the design and simulation of nano-scale analog circuits. It also explores the development of structured computer-aided design (CAD) techniques for architecture-level and circuit-level design of analog circuits.

The book outlines the general trends of technology scaling with respect to device geometry, process parameters, and supply voltage. It describes models and optimization techniques, as well as the compact modeling of scaled MOS transistors for VLSI circuit simulation.

• Includes two learning-based methods: the artificial neural network (ANN) and the least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) method

• Provides case studies demonstrating the practical use of these two methods

• Explores circuit sizing and specification translation tasks

• Introduces the particle swarm optimization technique and provides examples of sizing analog circuits

• Discusses the advanced effects of scaled MOS transistors like narrow width effects, and vertical and lateral channel engineering

Nano-Scale CMOS Analog Circuits: Models and CAD Techniques for High-Level Design

This proposed book chapter is expected to provide the readers with wide aspects of green technologies for industrial waste remediation. The first chapter is dedicated to the introduction to the title of the book. The chapter discusses various green technologies for industrial waste remediation. After that, the second chapter emphasizes the different types of applications of microorganisms in industrial waste treatment. After that, chapters emphasize the specific area of the title, including the micro and nanofiltration technology for the treatment of industrial wastewater, methods for the recovery and removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents, algal photobioreactor technology for industrial wastewater treatment, carbon capture and energy recovery, bioremediation of radioactive wastes, membrane-based technologies for industrial waste management, valorization of agro-industrial wastes for biorefinery products, bioaccumulation and detoxification of metals through genetically engineered microorganism, application of biochar in waste remediation, constructed wetlands for industrial wastewater remediation, bioelectrochemical treatment of recalcitrant pollutants, microplastics, petrochemicals including BTEX, applications of biosorbents in industrial wastewater treatment, Microbial biofilm reactor for sustainable wastewater treatment, dye adsorption and degradation using microbial consortium, sustainable treatment of endocrine disruptive chemicals released from industries, biological nanomaterials for industrial wastewater management, vermifiltration as a natural, cost-effective and green technology for biomanagement of industrial wastewater, biocatalytic remediation of industrial pollutants, and green treatment of poly aromatic hydrocarbons released from industrial waste. All the chapters cover various aspects of sustainable management of industrial wastes covering relevant literature and data.

This book presents technoeconomic challenges, recent trends, and developments toward sustainable algal biofuels and biorefinery. The exponential increase in population and thus the demand for energy, the ever-rising threats to climate change with conventional fossil fuels consumption, fluctuations in fossil fuels price and geopolitical instability have made each and every country of the world to think over its energy independence and security by increasing its own domestic energy production and reducing dependence on scarce fossil fuels. The global need to shift towards a sustainable source of energy has led to the discovery of third and fourth generation biofuels, in which microalgae and their genetically modified strains have been exploited. However, these simple photosynthetic organisms are difficult to select and cultivate for the production of biodiesel. Genetic engineering has opened provisions for the introduction of desired traits to such useful strains. There are also scopes for designing of novel photobioreactors (PBRs) having strain-specific physicochemical parameters, adequate CO2 and nutrient supply, and so on. The role of microalgae in CO2 sequestration from the environment is well known fact. Wastewater treatment plants can be used a raceway pond for the microalgal biomass production, and thus, obtained biomass can be used for biofuels and biochemical production.

Mathematical modelling can be used to understand the complex phenomena inside the photobioreactor, which can be a great help to overcome the limitations related to design and scale up of PBRs. Flow hydrodynamics in PBRs has significant effect on the microalgae growth. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to study operating and geometry factors in PBRs that influence the flow dynamics, such as the inlet gas flow rate, mixing, mass transfer, reactor geometry. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) particularly artificial neural network model (ANN model), statistical and evolutionary learning-based techniques are some innovative approaches in manipulating and optimizing productivity and costs in algal biofuel production. This book is aimed to bring several aspects of algal biorefinery and microalgal biofuel production, challenges, and future perspective of microalgal biofuel production at a single place.

This book explains the main problems of industrial wastewater treatments and how they are being treated by innovative biological processes. The need for clean water in developing countries has become difficult to achieve as a result of globalization and industrialization and  because of an increase in population, urbanization, and per capita water use.

Residential, commercial, industrial, and educational institutions produce immense amounts of wastewater.  Wastewater is treated to extract toxins to produce processed effluent by physical, chemical, and biological processes. Most of these innovative treatment systems are membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes, and electrochemical approaches, which are strongly committed to offering solutions to help protect public health and the environment.

For wastewater treatment, different forms of bioreactors are used which are reliable, cost-efficient, and effective in removing a wide variety of contaminants.

This book outlines the capacity of various bioreactors that are most widely used for the treatment of different industrial and domestic wastewater, such as a rotating biological contactor, biological fluidized bed reactor, packed bed reactor, membrane bioreactor, continuous stirred tank bioreactor, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, and photobioreactor, etc.

Despite this, the acceptance of these technologies and their commercialization on an industrial scale, the performance is still limited. Therefore, a broader use of cost-effective in situ remedial approaches to natural phenomena like bioremediation is needed. The role of numerous bioreactors in industrial effluent treatment has, including recent developments, also been explored in depth. Furthermore, it includes the operational factors affecting their performances, advances in their architectural design, their amalgamation with the existing setup, scale-up studies, life cycle assessment of those reactors, materials and cost analysis, etc. This information helps the reader to understand the insight into the mechanism, pros and cons, moreover efficient utilization, and commissioning of bioreactors.

This book covers microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) for biohydrogen production and explores the basics, challenges, limitations and applications of this technology. The latest advances in electrochemical reactors and microbial electrochemical systems are also presented, accompanied by a discussion on the way forward towards practical use of MEC technology.

Divided into 3 parts, the book commences with an introduction to the fundamentals of microbial electrolysis cells and biohydrogen production, followed by an overview of the latest advances in microbial electrolysis cell research, with particular attention given to the performance and operating conditions. The third part of this book is devoted to MEC scaling-up, were readers will find the recent progresses in the field. The possibilities and challenges of integrating conventional wastewater treatment systems with MEC, commercialization challenges of MECs, and life cycle assessment of MEC for biohydrogen production are alsodiscussed in this part of the book. In this book, readers will also find useful case studies detailing pilot-scale applications of MEC for industrial wastewater treatment.

Given its breadth, this book is a valuable resource for scholars in the energy domain, policymakers and researchers actively working with MEC applications. Furthermore, it also appeals to early-stage researchers and scientists interested in the dynamics of microbial electrolysis for wastewater treatment, biohydrogen generation and resource recovery from wastewater.

This book discusses the latest advancements in the area of biofuel development. It covers extensive information regarding different aspects and types of biofuels. The book provides a road map of the various different kinds of biofuels available for consideration, including both conventional and advanced algal based biofuels, replete with the economic analysis of their production and implementation. The contributors are experienced professors, academicians and scientists associated with renowned laboratories and institutes in India and abroad.  This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, biofuel scientists, capacity builders and policymakers. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students. National and international scientists, policy makers will also find this to be a useful read.

Scaling Up of Microbial Electrochemical Systems: From Reality to Scalability is the first book of its kind to focus on scaling up of microbial electrochemical systems (MES) and the unique challenges faced when moving towards practical applications using this technology. This book emphasizes an understanding of the current limitations of MES technology and suggests a way forward towards onsite applications of MES for practical use. It includes the basics of MES as well as success stories and case studies of MES in the direction of practical applications.

This book will give a new direction to energy researchers, scientists and policymakers working on field applications of microbial electrochemical systems-microbial fuel cells, microbial electrolysis cells, microbial electrosynthesis cells, and more.

Industrial Biotechnology offers a comprehensive overview of biochemical processes, technologies, and practical applications of industrial biotechnology. The work comprises of chapters that discuss medium preparation, inoculum preparation using industrial strain and upstream processing, various fermentation processes, and physico-chemical separation processes for the purification of products and packaging.

This book is aimed at advanced students, industrial practitioners, and researchers in biotechnology, food engineering, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering.

Industrial Biotechnology offers a comprehensive overview of biochemical processes, technologies, and practical applications of industrial biotechnology. The work comprises of chapters that discuss medium preparation, inoculum preparation using industrial strain and upstream processing, various fermentation processes, and physico-chemical separation processes for the purification of products and packaging.

This book is aimed at advanced students, industrial practitioners, and researchers in biotechnology, food engineering, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering.

Reliability concerns and the limitations of process technology can sometimes restrict the innovation process involved in designing nano-scale analog circuits. The success of nano-scale analog circuit design requires repeat experimentation, correct analysis of the device physics, process technology, and adequate use of the knowledge database.

Starting with the basics, Nano-Scale CMOS Analog Circuits: Models and CAD Techniques for High-Level Design introduces the essential fundamental concepts for designing analog circuits with optimal performances. This book explains the links between the physics and technology of scaled MOS transistors and the design and simulation of nano-scale analog circuits. It also explores the development of structured computer-aided design (CAD) techniques for architecture-level and circuit-level design of analog circuits.

The book outlines the general trends of technology scaling with respect to device geometry, process parameters, and supply voltage. It describes models and optimization techniques, as well as the compact modeling of scaled MOS transistors for VLSI circuit simulation.

• Includes two learning-based methods: the artificial neural network (ANN) and the least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) method

• Provides case studies demonstrating the practical use of these two methods

• Explores circuit sizing and specification translation tasks

• Introduces the particle swarm optimization technique and provides examples of sizing analog circuits

• Discusses the advanced effects of scaled MOS transistors like narrow width effects, and vertical and lateral channel engineering

Nano-Scale CMOS Analog Circuits: Models and CAD Techniques for High-Level Design

The concept of photoelectrochemistry applied to microbial fuel cells could be the future of sustainable wastewater treatment and for hydrogen recovery as a valuable energy source.

With the increase of recalcitrant organic pollutants in industrial wastewater, the need for a sustainable bio-electrochemical process has become pressing in order to ensure that treatment processes are coupled with some beneficiation advantages. Microbial fuel cells combine wastewater treatment and biological power generation. However, the resistance of these organic pollutants to biological degradation requires further adjustment of the system to improve sustainability through maximization of energy production.

Solar energy conversion using photocatalysis has drawn huge attention for its potential to provide renewable and sustainable energy. Furthermore, it might be the solution to serious environmental and energy-related problems. It has been widely understood for several years that the top global issues today are concerned with securing a clean supply of water and ensuring a reasonable price for clean energy. Researchers are studying advanced materials and processes to produce clean, renewable hydrogen fuel through photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic water splitting, as well as to reduce carbon dioxide from the air into fuels through photocatalysis. Limited progress is occurring in these areas.

The purpose of this book is to comprehensively cover the evolvement in the conceptualization and application of photocatalytic fuel cells, as well as make a critical assessment of the contribution in the field of sustainable wastewater treatment and renewable energy production.

This book contains nine specialized chapters that provide comprehensive coverage of the design of photocatalytic fuel cells and their applications, including environmental remediation, chemical synthesis, green energy generation, model simulation for scaling up processes and implementation, and most importantly maximization of hydrogen evolution, recovery, and applications.

Audience

A wide audience of academics, industrial researchers, and graduate students working in heterogeneous photocatalysis, fuel cells, sustainable chemistry, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, environmental protection, and surfaces and interfaces, will find this book useful. The book is also important for professionals, namely environmental managers, water treatment plants managers and operators, water authorities, government regulatory bodies officers, and environmentalists.

The concept of photoelectrochemistry applied to microbial fuel cells could be the future of sustainable wastewater treatment and for hydrogen recovery as a valuable energy source.

With the increase of recalcitrant organic pollutants in industrial wastewater, the need for a sustainable bio-electrochemical process has become pressing in order to ensure that treatment processes are coupled with some beneficiation advantages. Microbial fuel cells combine wastewater treatment and biological power generation. However, the resistance of these organic pollutants to biological degradation requires further adjustment of the system to improve sustainability through maximization of energy production.

Solar energy conversion using photocatalysis has drawn huge attention for its potential to provide renewable and sustainable energy. Furthermore, it might be the solution to serious environmental and energy-related problems. It has been widely understood for several years that the top global issues today are concerned with securing a clean supply of water and ensuring a reasonable price for clean energy. Researchers are studying advanced materials and processes to produce clean, renewable hydrogen fuel through photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic water splitting, as well as to reduce carbon dioxide from the air into fuels through photocatalysis. Limited progress is occurring in these areas.

The purpose of this book is to comprehensively cover the evolvement in the conceptualization and application of photocatalytic fuel cells, as well as make a critical assessment of the contribution in the field of sustainable wastewater treatment and renewable energy production.

This book contains nine specialized chapters that provide comprehensive coverage of the design of photocatalytic fuel cells and their applications, including environmental remediation, chemical synthesis, green energy generation, model simulation for scaling up processes and implementation, and most importantly maximization of hydrogen evolution, recovery, and applications.

Audience

A wide audience of academics, industrial researchers, and graduate students working in heterogeneous photocatalysis, fuel cells, sustainable chemistry, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, environmental protection, and surfaces and interfaces, will find this book useful. The book is also important for professionals, namely environmental managers, water treatment plants managers and operators, water authorities, government regulatory bodies officers, and environmentalists.

Reliability concerns and the limitations of process technology can sometimes restrict the innovation process involved in designing nano-scale analog circuits. The success of nano-scale analog circuit design requires repeat experimentation, correct analysis of the device physics, process technology, and adequate use of the knowledge database.

Starting with the basics, Nano-Scale CMOS Analog Circuits: Models and CAD Techniques for High-Level Design introduces the essential fundamental concepts for designing analog circuits with optimal performances. This book explains the links between the physics and technology of scaled MOS transistors and the design and simulation of nano-scale analog circuits. It also explores the development of structured computer-aided design (CAD) techniques for architecture-level and circuit-level design of analog circuits.

The book outlines the general trends of technology scaling with respect to device geometry, process parameters, and supply voltage. It describes models and optimization techniques, as well as the compact modeling of scaled MOS transistors for VLSI circuit simulation.

• Includes two learning-based methods: the artificial neural network (ANN) and the least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) method

• Provides case studies demonstrating the practical use of these two methods

• Explores circuit sizing and specification translation tasks

• Introduces the particle swarm optimization technique and provides examples of sizing analog circuits

• Discusses the advanced effects of scaled MOS transistors like narrow width effects, and vertical and lateral channel engineering

Nano-Scale CMOS Analog Circuits: Models and CAD Techniques for High-Level Design

This proposed book chapter is expected to provide the readers with wide aspects of green technologies for industrial waste remediation. The first chapter is dedicated to the introduction to the title of the book. The chapter discusses various green technologies for industrial waste remediation. After that, the second chapter emphasizes the different types of applications of microorganisms in industrial waste treatment. After that, chapters emphasize the specific area of the title, including the micro and nanofiltration technology for the treatment of industrial wastewater, methods for the recovery and removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents, algal photobioreactor technology for industrial wastewater treatment, carbon capture and energy recovery, bioremediation of radioactive wastes, membrane-based technologies for industrial waste management, valorization of agro-industrial wastes for biorefinery products, bioaccumulation and detoxification of metals through genetically engineered microorganism, application of biochar in waste remediation, constructed wetlands for industrial wastewater remediation, bioelectrochemical treatment of recalcitrant pollutants, microplastics, petrochemicals including BTEX, applications of biosorbents in industrial wastewater treatment, Microbial biofilm reactor for sustainable wastewater treatment, dye adsorption and degradation using microbial consortium, sustainable treatment of endocrine disruptive chemicals released from industries, biological nanomaterials for industrial wastewater management, vermifiltration as a natural, cost-effective and green technology for biomanagement of industrial wastewater, biocatalytic remediation of industrial pollutants, and green treatment of poly aromatic hydrocarbons released from industrial waste. All the chapters cover various aspects of sustainable management of industrial wastes covering relevant literature and data.

This book presents technoeconomic challenges, recent trends, and developments toward sustainable algal biofuels and biorefinery. The exponential increase in population and thus the demand for energy, the ever-rising threats to climate change with conventional fossil fuels consumption, fluctuations in fossil fuels price and geopolitical instability have made each and every country of the world to think over its energy independence and security by increasing its own domestic energy production and reducing dependence on scarce fossil fuels. The global need to shift towards a sustainable source of energy has led to the discovery of third and fourth generation biofuels, in which microalgae and their genetically modified strains have been exploited. However, these simple photosynthetic organisms are difficult to select and cultivate for the production of biodiesel. Genetic engineering has opened provisions for the introduction of desired traits to such useful strains. There are also scopes for designing of novel photobioreactors (PBRs) having strain-specific physicochemical parameters, adequate CO2 and nutrient supply, and so on. The role of microalgae in CO2 sequestration from the environment is well known fact. Wastewater treatment plants can be used a raceway pond for the microalgal biomass production, and thus, obtained biomass can be used for biofuels and biochemical production.

Mathematical modelling can be used to understand the complex phenomena inside the photobioreactor, which can be a great help to overcome the limitations related to design and scale up of PBRs. Flow hydrodynamics in PBRs has significant effect on the microalgae growth. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to study operating and geometry factors in PBRs that influence the flow dynamics, such as the inlet gas flow rate, mixing, mass transfer, reactor geometry. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) particularly artificial neural network model (ANN model), statistical and evolutionary learning-based techniques are some innovative approaches in manipulating and optimizing productivity and costs in algal biofuel production. This book is aimed to bring several aspects of algal biorefinery and microalgal biofuel production, challenges, and future perspective of microalgal biofuel production at a single place.

This book explains the main problems of industrial wastewater treatments and how they are being treated by innovative biological processes. The need for clean water in developing countries has become difficult to achieve as a result of globalization and industrialization and  because of an increase in population, urbanization, and per capita water use.

Residential, commercial, industrial, and educational institutions produce immense amounts of wastewater.  Wastewater is treated to extract toxins to produce processed effluent by physical, chemical, and biological processes. Most of these innovative treatment systems are membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes, and electrochemical approaches, which are strongly committed to offering solutions to help protect public health and the environment.

For wastewater treatment, different forms of bioreactors are used which are reliable, cost-efficient, and effective in removing a wide variety of contaminants.

This book outlines the capacity of various bioreactors that are most widely used for the treatment of different industrial and domestic wastewater, such as a rotating biological contactor, biological fluidized bed reactor, packed bed reactor, membrane bioreactor, continuous stirred tank bioreactor, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, and photobioreactor, etc.

Despite this, the acceptance of these technologies and their commercialization on an industrial scale, the performance is still limited. Therefore, a broader use of cost-effective in situ remedial approaches to natural phenomena like bioremediation is needed. The role of numerous bioreactors in industrial effluent treatment has, including recent developments, also been explored in depth. Furthermore, it includes the operational factors affecting their performances, advances in their architectural design, their amalgamation with the existing setup, scale-up studies, life cycle assessment of those reactors, materials and cost analysis, etc. This information helps the reader to understand the insight into the mechanism, pros and cons, moreover efficient utilization, and commissioning of bioreactors.

This book covers microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) for biohydrogen production and explores the basics, challenges, limitations and applications of this technology. The latest advances in electrochemical reactors and microbial electrochemical systems are also presented, accompanied by a discussion on the way forward towards practical use of MEC technology.

Divided into 3 parts, the book commences with an introduction to the fundamentals of microbial electrolysis cells and biohydrogen production, followed by an overview of the latest advances in microbial electrolysis cell research, with particular attention given to the performance and operating conditions. The third part of this book is devoted to MEC scaling-up, were readers will find the recent progresses in the field. The possibilities and challenges of integrating conventional wastewater treatment systems with MEC, commercialization challenges of MECs, and life cycle assessment of MEC for biohydrogen production are alsodiscussed in this part of the book. In this book, readers will also find useful case studies detailing pilot-scale applications of MEC for industrial wastewater treatment.

Given its breadth, this book is a valuable resource for scholars in the energy domain, policymakers and researchers actively working with MEC applications. Furthermore, it also appeals to early-stage researchers and scientists interested in the dynamics of microbial electrolysis for wastewater treatment, biohydrogen generation and resource recovery from wastewater.

This book discusses the latest advancements in the area of biofuel development. It covers extensive information regarding different aspects and types of biofuels. The book provides a road map of the various different kinds of biofuels available for consideration, including both conventional and advanced algal based biofuels, replete with the economic analysis of their production and implementation. The contributors are experienced professors, academicians and scientists associated with renowned laboratories and institutes in India and abroad.  This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, biofuel scientists, capacity builders and policymakers. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students. National and international scientists, policy makers will also find this to be a useful read.