NanoScience and Technology - Böcker

The book discusses the analysis and manipulation of processes on the atomic scale by forces and currents and gives a broad overview from a common perspective on the different fields of Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM). Such a combined treatment is suggested theoretically, because both are just different aspects of physical and chemical processes at atomic interfaces. Forces do play an important role in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), and currents are an important issue in Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Experimentally, the existence of instruments for combined force/current measurements make the same point. This unique overview fills the gap in the litterature. USP: -Unique treatment of both Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy -Written by leading experts -Gives a broad overview both from theory and experiments

“The scientist does not study nature because it is useful; he studies it because he delights in it, and he delights in it because it is beautiful. If nature were not beautiful, it would not be worth knowing, and if nature were not worth knowing, life would not be worth living. ” Henri Poincar´ e (1854 - 1912) The ancient Greeks, quite ingeniously, realised that all materials and their (now known as macroscopic) properties, including life itself, are due to a limited number of tiny, constantly moving building blocks and the conn- tions (now called interactions) between these blocks. Receiving both scienti?c and non-scienti?c opposition, the idea faded and, despite some renaissance of atomistic ideas in the 17-19th centuries, it still took more than two thousand years, until the time of Einstein, for the idea of microscopic building blocks to be fully accepted. These ideas, begun during the golden age of physics in the 20thcentury,haveledtoacomprehensiveunderstandingofsuchstatesofm- ter as gases and solids, which in turn have completely revolutionised everyday life in the developed world by introducing technological wonders such as m- ern cars, air tra?c, semiconductor chips for computers and nuclear power. Another state of matter, ?uids, appeared to be much more di?cult to tackle, even in the case of simple liquids like liquid argon, a research favourite in the ?eld. Legend tells that Lev D.

Scanning Probe Microscopy is a comprehensive source of information for researchers, teachers, and graduate students about the rapidly expanding field of scanning probe theory. Writing in a tutorial style, the authors explain from scratch the theory behind today’s simulation techniques and give examples of theoretical concepts through state-of-the-art simulations, including the means to compare these results with experimental data. The book provides the first comprehensive framework for electron transport theory with its various degrees of approximations, thus allowing extensive insight into the physics of scanning probes. Experimentalists will appreciate how the materials properties influence the instrument's operation, and theorists will understand how simulations can be directly compared to experimental data. Key FeaturesServes as a comprehensive source of information for researchers, teachers, and students about the theory underlying the rapidly expanding field of scanning probe microscopyProvides a framework for linking scanning probe theory and simulations with experimental dataWritten in the style of a textbook with step-by-step examples of how theoretical concepts are used to generate state-of-the-art simulations

This book, now in its second edition, introduces readers to quantum rings as a special class of modern high-tech material structures at the nanoscale. It deals, in particular, with their formation by means of molecular beam epitaxy and droplet epitaxy of semiconductors, and their topology-driven electronic, optical and magnetic properties. A highly complex theoretical model is developed to adequately represent the specific features of quantum rings. The results presented here are intended to facilitate the development of low-cost high-performance electronic, spintronic, optoelectronic and information processing devices based on quantum rings.This second edition includes both new and significantly revised chapters. It provides extensive information on recent advances in the physics of quantum rings related to the spin-orbit interaction and spin dynamics (spin interference in Rashba rings, tunable exciton topology on type II InAs/GaAsSb quantum nanostructures), the electron-phonon interaction in ring-like structures, quantum interference manifestations in novel materials (graphene nanoribbons, MoS2), and the effects of electrical field and THz radiation on the optical properties of quantum rings. The new edition also shares insights into the properties of various novel architectures, including coupled quantum ring-quantum dot chains and concentric quantum rings, topologic states of light in self-assembled ring-like cavities, and optical and plasmon m.odes in Möbius-shaped resonators.

This book demonstrates how the new phenomena in the nanometer scale serve as the basis for the invention and development of novel nanoelectronic devices and how they are used for engineering nanostructures and metamaterials with unusual properties.

This book discusses physical design and mask synthesis of directed self-assembly lithography (DSAL). It covers the basic background of DSAL technology, physical design optimizations such as placement and redundant via insertion, and DSAL mask synthesis as well as its verification.

In this book the recent progress accumulated in studies of the interaction of engineered nanoparticles with cells and cellular constituents is presented. The focus is on manufacturing and characterization of nanosized materials, their interactions with biological molecules such as proteins, the mechanisms of transport across biological membranes as well as their effects on biological functions. Fundamental molecular and cellular aspects are in the foreground of the book. A further particularity is the interdisciplinary approach, including fields such as preparatory and analytical chemistry, biophysics and the physics of colloids, advanced microscopy and spectroscopy for in-situ detection of nanoparticles, cellular toxicology and nanomedicine.Nanoscale particles are known to exhibit novel and unprecedented properties that make them different from their corresponding bulk materials. As our ability to control these properties is further advanced, a huge potential to create materials with novel properties and applications emerges. Although the technological and economic benefits of nanomaterials are indisputable, concerns have also been raised that nanoscale structuring of materials might also induce negative health effects. Unfortunately, such negative health effects cannot be deduced from the known toxicity of the corresponding macroscopic material. As a result, there is a major gap in the knowledge necessary for assessing their risk to human health.

In this book the recent progress accumulated in studies of the interaction of engineered nanoparticles with cells and cellular constituents is presented. The focus is on manufacturing and characterization of nanosized materials, their interactions with biological molecules such as proteins, the mechanisms of transport across biological membranes as well as their effects on biological functions. Fundamental molecular and cellular aspects are in the foreground of the book. A further particularity is the interdisciplinary approach, including fields such as preparatory and analytical chemistry, biophysics and the physics of colloids, advanced microscopy and spectroscopy for in-situ detection of nanoparticles, cellular toxicology and nanomedicine.Nanoscale particles are known to exhibit novel and unprecedented properties that make them different from their corresponding bulk materials. As our ability to control these properties is further advanced, a huge potential to create materials with novel properties and applications emerges. Although the technological and economic benefits of nanomaterials are indisputable, concerns have also been raised that nanoscale structuring of materials might also induce negative health effects. Unfortunately, such negative health effects cannot be deduced from the known toxicity of the corresponding macroscopic material. As a result, there is a major gap in the knowledge necessary for assessing their risk to human health.

This book explains the operating principles of atomic force microscopy with the aim of enabling the reader to operate a scanning probe microscope successfully and understand the data obtained with the microscope.

This book explains the operating principles of atomic force microscopy with the aim of enabling the reader to operate a scanning probe microscope successfully and understand the data obtained with the microscope.

The tremendous impact of electronic devices on our lives is the result of continuous improvements of the billions of nanoelectronic components inside integrated circuits (ICs). However, ultra-scaled semiconductor devices require nanometer control of the many parameters essential for their fabrication. Through the years, this created a strong alliance between microscopy techniques and IC manufacturing. This book reviews the latest progress in IC devices, with emphasis on the impact of electrical atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques for their development. The operation principles of many techniques are introduced, and the associated metrology challenges described. Blending the expertise of industrial specialists and academic researchers, the chapters are dedicated to various AFM methods and their impact on the development of emerging nanoelectronic devices. The goal is to introduce the major electrical AFM methods, following the journey that has seen our lives changedby the advent of ubiquitous nanoelectronics devices, and has extended our capability to sense matter on a scale previously inaccessible.

The tremendous impact of electronic devices on our lives is the result of continuous improvements of the billions of nanoelectronic components inside integrated circuits (ICs). This book reviews the latest progress in IC devices, with emphasis on the impact of electrical atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques for their development.

This book covers the state of the art in the theoretical framework, computational modeling, and the fabrication and characterization of nanoelectronics devices.

This book summarizes the state of the art in the theoretical modeling of inorganic nanostructures. Extending the first edition, published in 2015, it presents applications to new nanostructured materials and theoretical explanations of recently discovered optical and thermodynamic properties of known nanomaterials.

This book summarizes the state of the art in the theoretical modeling of inorganic nanostructures. Extending the first edition, published in 2015, it presents applications to new nanostructured materials and theoretical explanations of recently discovered optical and thermodynamic properties of known nanomaterials.

Chapters 5-13 cover the most advanced applications of nanocellulose in emerging areas, including superstrong materials, light management, electronics, energy storage, printed battery, water treatment, nanogenerator, and biomedicine.

Chapters 5-13 cover the most advanced applications of nanocellulose in emerging areas, including superstrong materials, light management, electronics, energy storage, printed battery, water treatment, nanogenerator, and biomedicine.

This book provides a deep insight into recent achievements in synthesis, investigation, and applications of the low-dimensional chalcohalide nanomaterials.

This book provides a deep insight into recent achievements in synthesis, investigation, and applications of the low-dimensional chalcohalide nanomaterials.

This book offers a comprehensive review on the latest developments in the field of nanotribology. With contributed chapters covering instrumental aspects, theoretical models, and selected experimental results, this book provides a broad overview of the fundamental issues currently being investigated in the field.The updated third edition includes new topics such as molecular tribology, multiscale structural lubricity, tribofilm growth, nanoscale friction in liquids, and nanotribology at insect-plant interfaces. Written by a highly qualified group of international experts, this book aims to be a key reference on the subject for the next five to ten years, highlighting the importance of understanding the atomistic origins of friction and wear in everyday life and in technical applications.

This book presents a wealth of results obtained by first-principles calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and tight-binding modeling on two-dimensional covalent bonding and the resulting formation of 2D materials.

This book offers a comprehensive examination of ongoing advancements in theoretical and experimental approaches to Maxwell's equations. It focuses on three key aspects: quantum effects, scale effects, and kinetic effects, which exert subtle influences at microscopic levels.

This book offers a comprehensive examination of ongoing advancements in theoretical and experimental approaches to Maxwell's equations. It focuses on three key aspects: quantum effects, scale effects, and kinetic effects, which exert subtle influences at microscopic levels. Addressing pressing challenges for future progress, the text explores the interplay of these phenomena within classical electromagnetism.The evolution of data communication and information technology has led to a demand for high-density, minimization, ultra-compact nano-photo-electronic integration. As electronic devices scale down to nanometer and sub-nanometer levels, classical Maxwell’s equations reveal quantum effects. This book provides insights into these advancements, focusing on potential applications in nano-scale electronic and optic devices.Tailored for physicists, engineering scientists, electronics engineers, and developers, this text serves as a valuable resource. It guides readers from classical Maxwell’s equations to their quantum-affected counterparts, providing essential insights for electromagnetic simulation and the design of nano-scale electronic and optic systems. With its blend of theoretical foundations and practical applications, this book equips professionals with the knowledge needed to apply these advancements in real-world scenarios.

The book represents quantum rings as special class of modern high-tech materials structures at the nanoscale. It deals, in particular, with their formation by molecular beam epitaxy and droplet epitaxy of semiconductors, their topology-driven electronic, optical and magnetic properties. Highly complex theoretical models are developed to adequately explain the specific features of quantum rings. The results presented in the  book serve to develop low-cost high-performance electronic, spintronic, magnetic, optoelectronic and information processing devices based on various doubly-connected structures.The third edition contains new chapters and significantly updated and extended chapters from the second edition. It provides an ample presentation of the recent advancements in the physics of quantum rings related to spin dynamics and the spin-orbit interaction (spin interference in Rashba rings, tunable exciton topology on type II InAs/GaAsSb quantum nanostructures), the electron-phonon interaction in ring-like structures, quantum-interference manifestations in novel materials (e.g., graphene cylinders, cyclocarbons, MoS2), effects of electric field and THz radiation on optical properties of quantum rings and quantum-ring molecules. Special emphasis is made on fascinating novel effects emerging due to double-connectedness in various physical systems, ranging from the occurrence of the continuous geometric phase provoking formation of non-integer mode numbers in Möbius microring light cavities—through the inverse Faraday effect on the generation of current states in an array of superconductor nanorings—to the emergence of lightning-like magnetic flux bursts  into a macroscopic superconductor ring.The new edition gives insight into the properties of various novel architectures, including coupled semiconductor quantum ring-quantum dot chains and concentric quantum rings, In(AsSbP) graded-composition quantum rings, topologic states of light in self-assembled and direct-printed ring-like cavities, optical and plasmon modes in Möbius-band-shaped resonators, the ferromagnetic resonance in various magnetic elements ranging from arrays of magnetic nanorings to individual 3D nanovolcanoes. It includes novel theoretical solutions to long-standing problems in the physics of quantum rings: interpretation of the observed magnetoresistance oscillations by a transmission model for superconductor quantum rings and adaptation of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity for metallic quantum rings with due account for the effects of double-connectedness on the electron properties.

This book provides an in-depth theoretical exploration of quantum transport and optical properties in nanodevices, focusing on quantum dots, topological superconducting nanowires, and graphene. It is designed for graduate students and researchers seeking to understand these systems and their implications for advancing nanophotonic and nanoelectronic technologies.Beginning with foundational concepts in quantum transport, the book covers key phenomena such as the Coulomb blockade, the Kondo effect, and the physics of Majorana fermions and Majorana bound states. A review of graphene’s electronic properties and the optical characteristics of quantum dots is also included, establishing a basis for the more advanced topics that follow.The book explores a nanojunction model where a quantum dot is integrated into a semiconducting-superconducting heterostructure that hosts Majorana bound states. The study investigates Majorana-induced phonon-assisted quantum tunneling in topological superconducting nanowires under magnetic flux. This model offers valuable insights for future experiments aimed at detecting Majorana bound states, with implications for topological quantum computing.Additionally, the book explores quantum transport in a system where a semiconductor quantum dot is embedded between monolayer graphene leads. Applying an external magnetic field enables spin-polarized transport, providing an ideal platform for studying many-body quantum phenomena such as the Kondo effect. Using nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism, this section highlights how graphene’s electronic properties can drive next-generation nanoelectronic devices.Beyond transport, the book also examines the optical properties of quantum dots, focusing on their linear and nonlinear characteristics. Perturbation theory is employed to study absorption coefficients and refractive index changes in two-level quantum dot systems, with potential applications in optoelectronics and photonics.Throughout, complex mathematical treatments are presented in an accessible manner, ensuring that even readers with a foundational understanding of nanophysics can engage with the material. This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and students working in the fields of nanophysics, nanoelectronics, and quantum device research. It deepens theoretical understanding of these systems but also offers practical insights into their experimental realization and technological potential.

Wave Propagation in Nanostructures

This book provides a state of the art report of the knowledge accumulated in graphene research. The fascination with graphene has been growing very rapidly in recent years and the physics of graphene is now becoming one of the most interesting as well as the most fast-moving topics in condensed-matter physics. The Nobel prize in physics awarded in 2010 has given a tremendous impetus to this topic. The horizon of the physics of graphene is ever becoming wider, where physical concepts go hand in hand with advances in experimental techniques. Thus this book is expanding the interests to not only transport but optical and other properties for systems that include multilayer as well as monolayer graphene systems. The book comprises experimental and theoretical knowledge. The book is also accessible to graduate students.

Nanoscience with Liquid Crystals

This book aims to present the different aspects of electrospinning for designing and fabricating high performing materials for sensors applied in gaseous and liquid environments.