NATO Science Series D: – serie
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Credibility assessment refers to any attempt to ascertain truthfulness. Other terms which have been used to refer to the assessment of credibility include the detection of deception and lie detection. The term lie detection has become virtually synonymous with the use of the polygraph and can no longer be used to refer to the range of procedures currently employed to assess credibility. Also, both lie detection and the detection of deception have a negative cast which does not fully capture the orientation of current approaches to credibility. Consequently, the term credibility assessment has emerged recently as the preferred label. The goal of credibility assessment is typically the determination of the truth of a statement or be found in set of statements. The need or desire to make such an assessment can every human context from marital relations through clinical examinations to police and court interrogations. Examples of the kinds of statements which require credibility assessment are: 1) A child's assertion that she or he has been sexually abused. 2) The claim by a previously suicidal person that he or she has recovered and will not attempt suicide again. 3) The denial of guilt by a suspect in a criminal investigation. 4 ) The confident statement of a witness that he or she is sure in his or her identification of a thief. 5) The vow of loyalty by a potential employee for a security job. It is necessary to assess the credibility of these and similar statements.
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This volume is the outcome of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on the Ethoexperimental Analysis of Behavior, which was held at II Ciocco in Tuscany, in July, 1988. This particular ASI had an interesting history. In 1980, a NATO ASI on the topic of the Biology of Aggression was held in Bonas, France. This meeting brought together a group of European and American researchers and students from diverse areas, including Psychology, Zoology, Genetics and the like, all of whom were involved or becoming involved in the study of aggression. The Bonas meeting outlined several emerging trends in aggression research, the most prominent of which was an increased emphasis on the behavioral aspects of aggression. This included studying a variety of aggressive behaviors rather than single measures; an interest in what might have been previously considered minutiae, such as the targets for bites or blows and the specifics of movement relationships in dyadic interactions; and a desire to relate the dependent variables of laboratory tests to the typical aggressive behaviors seen for related animals in their natural habitats. This increased attention to natural patterns of aggressive behavior was also very interesting in light of the many findings presented at the Bonas meeting which indicated particular involvement of a number of biological systems in aggression: These findings suggested that aggression constitutes an evolved neurobehavioral system (quite possibly more than one, in fact) representing the activities of a relatively specific biological substrate expressed through a patterned system of behaviors.
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Malcolm W. Klein Center for Research on Crime and Social Control University of Southern California 1. BACKGROUND In June of 1988, approximately forty scholars and researchers met for four days in the Leeuwenborst Congres Center in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, to participate in a workshop entitled Self-Report Metho dology in Criminological Research. The participants represented 15 nations and 30 universities and research centers, a diversity that was matched by the experiences and focal interests in self-report methods among the participants. This volume is the result of the workshop process and in particular of the invitations to participants to prepare pre-conference papers for distribution prior to the workshop. The chapters in the volume were selected from the larger set of pre conference papers. As workshop conv~ner and volume editor, it falls on me to set some of the context for this enterprise. Self-report crime is "admitted" crime, derived from interview and questionnaire responses obtained from adults and juveniles (regardless of whether or not they have been arrested) concerning their own illegal behaviors. Growing awareness of the limitations of official crime statistics has led to the development of self-report procedures.
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What determines the focus of a researcher's interest, the sources of inspiration for a study, or the variables scrutinized? If we were to examine the antecedents of these decisions, they would surely emerge as accidents of circumstance--the personal experiences of the researcher, the inspiration of early mentors, the influence of contemporary colleagues--all tempered by the intellectual currents that nurture the researcher's hypotheses. Among the accidents that mold the careers of researchers is geographic location. The culture in which a research program emerges helps determine both its very subject and its method. The primary purpose of this book is to assist those interested in the scientific study of children's social competence in transcending the boundaries imposed both by geography and by selective exposure to the highly diverse schools of thought that have led to interest in this field. Most of these ideas were presented and exchanged at an Advanced Study Institute entitled "Social Competence in Developmental Perspective" held in Savoie, France, in July 1988. This Institute was attended by scholars from France, England, Northern Ireland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, Canada, the United States and Brazil. Those who participated will recognize that the metamorphosis from lecture to chapter has necessitated many changes. In order to accommodate the reader who may be unfamiliar with the field, more attention has been paid here to identifying the theoretical contexts of the research described.
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Even though Specific Reading Disability (Dyslexia) has been clinically recognized as a developmental learning disorder for nearly a hundred years. only within the past two decades it has become the subject of major experimental investigation. Because. by definition. dyslexic children are of average or superior intelligence. it is often suspected that some arcane feature of the written language is responsible for the inordinate difficulty experienced by these children in learning to read. The occasional claim that developmental dyslexia is virtually nonexistent in some languages coupled with the fact that languages differ in their writing systems has further rendered orthography a subject of serious investigation. The present Volume represents a collection of preliminary reports of investigations that explored the relationship between orthography and reading disabilities in different languages. Even though not explicitly stated. these reports are concerned with the question whether or not some orthographies are easier to learn to read and write than others. One dimension on which orthographies differ from each other is the kind of relationship they bear to pronunciation. The orthographies examined in this book range from the ones that have a simple one-to one grapheme-phoneme relationship to those which have a more complex relationship.
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From a historical point of view the first studies on the response of the organism to stressful situations in general, and on the psychobiology of stress in particular, are probably those of Cannon and de la Paz, the physiologists who showed in 1911 that the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic system are involved in emergency situations. Cannon noted that the venous blood of cats frightened by barking dogs contained adrenaline, a response of the organism which was prevented by adrenalectomy or by section of the splanchnic nerve innervating the adrenal medulla. Cannon suggested that the adrenal medulla was acting in concert with the sympathetic nervous system, so that both systems were activated during stress. The role of the sympathetic system in response to stressful events was later emphasized by the experiments carried out by Maickel et al. (1967) and by Mason (1968): these authors clearly showed that stressors activate the sympathetic system causing it to release adrenaline and noradrenaline. This line of research may be contrasted with that carried out by Hans Selye, centered on of the adrenal cortex in the stress response. Selye's findings and theories originated the role the so-called hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal cortex (HPA) model of stress: in short, during stress adrenocorticotropic hormone is released from cells of the anterior pituitary and elicits secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.
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Speech sound production is one of the most complex human activities: it is also one of the least well understood. This is perhaps not altogether surprising as many of the complex neurological and physiological processes involved in the generation and execution of a speech utterance remain relatively inaccessible to direct investigation, and must be inferred from careful scrutiny of the output of the system -from details of the movements of the speech organs themselves and the acoustic consequences of such movements. Such investigation of the speech output have received considerable impetus during the last decade from major technological advancements in computer science and biological transducing, making it possible now to obtain large quantities of quantative data on many aspects of speech articulation and acoustics relatively easily. Keeping pace with these advancements in laboratory techniques have been developments in theoretical modelling of the speech production process. There are now a wide variety of different models available, reflecting the different disciplines involved -linguistics, speech science and technology, engineering and acoustics. The time seems ripe to attempt a synthesis of these different models and theories and thus provide a common forum for discussion of the complex problem of speech production. Such an activity would seem particularly timely also for those colleagues in speech technology seeking better, more accurate phonetic models as components in their speech synthesis and automatic speech recognition systems.
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This book is the outcome of a Nato Workshop, held in France in July 1989. The workshop was organized to examine current ideas about sensory-motor organizations during human infancy and their development through early childhood. The study of sensory-motor development is experiencing a profound shift in scope, focus, methodology and theoretical foundations. Many of these changes are quite new and not yet well covered in the literature. We thought it would be useful for some of the leading researchers in this field to convene together and to compare notes, and collectively to establish future directions for the field. The reasons for a new conceptualization of sensory-motor development are no doubt numerous, but three are especially significant: 1. One concerns a shift from studying either sensory or motor processing to investigation of the relations between the two. 2. The second is connected to the new emphasis on action, and its implications for goal-directed and intentional behaviour extending over time. 3. Lastly, new theories and methodologies provide access to new tools for studying and conceptualizing the developmental process. 1.-One of the most enduring legacies of the behaviorist perspective has been a focus on the stimulus and the response to the exclusion of the relation between them (Pick, 1989). Historically, this bias translated into a research agenda in which the investigator was concerned with either perceptual or motor competence, but rarely the relation between them.
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On a mountainside in sunny Tuscany, in October 1989, 96 people from 23 countries on five continents gathered to learn and teach about the problems of managing contemporary science. The diversity of economic and political systems represented in the group was matched by our occupations, which stretched from science policy practitioners, through research scientists and engineers, through academic observers of science and science policy. It was this diversity, along with the opportunities for infonnal discussion provided by long meals and remote location, that made the conference a special learning experience. Except at lecture time, it was impossible to distinguish the "students" at this event from the "teachers," and even the most senior members of the teaching staff went away with a sense that they had learned more from this group than from many a standard conference on science policy they had attended. The flavor of the conference experience cannot be captured adequately in a proceedings volume, and so we have not tried to create a historical record in this book. Instead, we have attempted to illustrate the core problems the panicipants at the conference shared, discussed, and debated, using both lectures delivered by the fonnal teaching staff and summaries of panel discussions, which extended to other panicipants and therefore increased the range of experiences reponed.
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This volume stems from the efforts of scholars who seek to understand the social dynamics of large technical systems. The purpose is to develop concepts and empirical knowledge concerning the dynamics of such systems, with particular emphasis on the processes ofcontrol and/or management in a variety of national settings, and to improve the basis of public policy so that future developments might be less distressing in consequence and more shaped to the desires of their "host" societies. One vehicle for this enterprise is a series of international conferences on the Evolution andDynamics ofLarge Technical Systems (LTSs). This series was instituted to encourage the coalescence of the multidisciplinary group of scholars who are actively engaging in the empirical study of these phenomena. Their disciplines span history, sociology, political science, and economics studies. They come Australia, France, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States, and West Germany. And they possess strong backgrounds in the empirical study of specific technical areas and a taste for conceptual and theoretical integration.
Changing University
How Increased Demand for Scientists and Technology is Transforming Academic Institutions Internationally
Inbunden, Engelska, 1991
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This collection of papers was written for a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held at Harvard University in March 1990. The title, "The Changing University and the Education of Scientists and Engineers: An International Workshop," broad as it is, does not convey the sweep of data, infonnation, opinions, and suggestions for future research and policy choices that were crowded into two-and-a-half days of fonnal presentations, mealtime discussions, and teatime chats. The proposal for the workshop grew out of a research project I had carried out that explored the policies governing the education of foreign science and engineering students (S&Es) in several industrialized countries, and of two countries that send large numbers of S&E students abroad - the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Japan (see chapter 7). In research visits to these countries as well as to France, the United Kingdom, West Gennany, and within the United States, I was struck by the similarity of issues that were raised. One was the concern that there would not be enough well-trained scientists and engineers to meet the constantly increasing demand for them. Government officials, industrialists, and educators repeatedly stressed that a well-educated and -motivated work force was essential for their economies, national security, and for society as a whole. Many of those interviewed mentioned that universities are undergoing rapid, systemic changes as governments and industry are calling on them to provide human resources and intellectual capital.
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Acquired Aphasia in Children
Acquisition and Breakdown of Language in the Developing Brain
Inbunden, Engelska, 1991
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One of the most fascinating problems in Behavioural Neurology is the question of the cerebral organization for language during childhood. Acquired aphasia in children, albeit rare, is a unique circumstance in which to study the relations between language and the brain during cerebral maturation. Its study further contributes to our understanding of the recovery processes and brain plasticity during childhood. But while there is a great amount of information and experimental work on brain-behaviour relationships in adult subjects, the literature about the effects of focal brain lesions in children is both exiguous and scattered throughout scientific journals and books. We felt it was time to organize a meeting where scientists in this field could compare their experiences and discuss ideas coming from different areas of research. A workshop on Acquired Aphasia in Children was held in Sintra, Portugal, on September 13-15, 1990, and attended by 44 participants from 13 differents countries. The atmosphere was relaxed and informal and the group was kept small to achieve this effect. It was a very lively and pleasant meeting. Some consensus was indeed arrived at concerning methodological problems, definition of terms, and guidelines for future research. The main contributions are collected in this book which, we hope, will serve the scientific community as a reference work on Childhood Aphasia. I,P.M., AC.C.
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"Language Origin: A Multidisciplinary Approach" presents a synthesis of viewpoints and data on linguistic, psychological, anatomical and behavioural studies on living species of Primates and provides a comparative framework for the evaluation of palaeoanthropological studies. This double endeavour makes it possible to direct new research on the nature and evolution of human language and cognition. The book is directed to students of linguistics, biology, anthropology, anatomy, physiology, neurology, psychology, archaeology, palaeontology and other related fields. A better understanding of speech pathology may stem from a better understanding of the relationship of human communication to the evolution of our species. The book is conceived as a timely contribution to such knowledge since it allows a systematic assessment of the origins of human language from a comprehensive array of scientific viewpoints.
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This volume represents the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on the topic of "Motor Neuroscience" held at the Hotel San 15-24, 1990. The San Bastiano Hotel Bastiano, Calcatoggio (Corsica), September provided a beautiful setting for the ten day ASI in aresort on the west coast of Corsica, near the island's capital city of Ajaccio. The motivation of this ASI originated from the success of an ASI that we organized eleven years ago at Senanque Abbey in the south of France. Our earlier meeting was successful in providing some coherence to a widely scattered literature while providing up to date knowledge on motor control and learning. Our goal for the second ASI was essentially the same. We wanted to appraise the main theoretical ideas that currently characterize the field by bringing together many of the internationally known scientists who are doing much of the contemporary work. It is our hope that these proceedings will provide some conceptual unification to an expanding and diverse literature on motor control.
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"Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic Space" contains a collection of 28 papers which discuss people's understanding of geographic space and how cognitive models of space relate to geographic information systems. The authors come from geography, psychology, engineering, computer science, mathematics, landscape architecture, information studies, anthropology and linguistics. Each article is concerned with some aspect of human understanding of space, or with how people interact in space, with each of the disciplines approaching the problem in a different way.
Restorative Justice on Trial
Pitfalls and Potentials of Victim-Offender Mediation — International Research Perspectives —
Inbunden, Engelska, 1992
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Victim-offender reconciliation schemes are viewed as an important and innovative alternative to the traditional measures of the criminal justice system. After a critical look at the United States, most European countries have also increased their efforts to develop informal strategies for dealing with deviant behaviour. In terms of their organizational base, it turns out that the type, extent, and capacities for development are quite different in the individual countries. The major objective of the present book is a critical examination of victim-offender mediation programmes. Research findings are reported in the areas of legal and public demands; organizational requirements and outcomes; and the mediation process. It is found that the implementation of victim-offender mediation depends to a great degree on particular context conditions. This applies not only to the peculiarities of national law and legislation in each country, but also to the special preferences of the institutions that encourage, support, or implement the programmes.It appears, nevertheless, that mediation is acceptable to a variety of backers, and that it offers a viable alternative when considering reforms of the criminal justice system. Despite their many successes, the mediation schemes are not without their failures and these are analyzed in context in order to provide a signpost for the future development of such schemes. Guidelines for such development are presented, with the aim of strengthening the preventive aspect of the schemes and increasing their utility to social and criminal policy.
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This collection of 27 papers covers all aspects of autobiographical memory. In an opening section, leading researchers in the field consider conceptual issues relating to the definition and appropriate characterization of autobiographical memory. Subsequent sections deal with the social construction and development of autobiographical memory, cognitive models of autobiographical memory, and autobiographical memory across the lifespan. In the closing section, impairments of autobiographical memory arising from emotional disturbances and brain damage are reviewed in some depth. This book should be of interest to all researchers and students concerned with autobiographical memory in particular and with human memory generally. Developmental psychologists, clinicians, neuropsychologists, and gerontologists may also find the book relevant.
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The number of models characterizing temporal information processing, from estimation and production of brief durations up to complex symbolizations and representations of time, have increased dramatically in recent years. What emerges as well is that many hypotheses put forward to account for motor behavior, attention and memory assign a crucial explanatory role to temporal parameters. This volume, based on a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in France in October 1991, enhances the theoretical ties between fields. It brings together international specialists who offer both experimental evidence and theoretical views on complementary topics. Time, Action and Cognition thus helps to identify common themes and critical issues in motor timing, perception, estimation and representation of time. It places special emphasis on temporal mechanisms, and traces connecting pathways between early temporal regulations of action and sophisticated adult concepts of time. In opening the way to a more unified approach, it defines new directions for future research.
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Few would dispute the truth of the statement "People are different" but there is much controversy over "why". This book explains the methods used to understand human variation, and extends them far beyond the primary "nature or nurture" question. After chapters on basic statistics, biometrical genetics, matrix algebra and path analysis, there is a state-of-the-art account of how to fit genetic models using the LISREL package. The authors explain not only the assumptions of the twin methods, but how to test them. The elementary model is expanded to cover sex limitation, sibling interaction, multivariate and longitudinal data, observer ratings and twin-family studies. Throughout, the methods are illustrated by applications to diverse areas such as obesity, major depression, alcohol consumptionm delinquency, allergies and common fears.
Developmental Neurocognition
Speech and Face Processing in the First Year of Life
Inbunden, Engelska, 1993
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This volume contains the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on the topic of "Changes in Speech and Face Processing in Infancy: A glimpse at Developmental Mechanisms of Cognition", which was held in Carry-Ie-Rouet (France) at the Vacanciel "La Calanque", from June 29 to July 3, 1992. For many years, developmental researchers have been systematically exploring what is concealed by the blooming and buzzing confusion (as William James described the infant's world). Much research has been carried out on the mechanisms by which organisms recognize and relate to their conspecifics, in particular with respect to language acquisition and face recognition. Given this background, it seems worthwhile to compare not only the conceptual advances made in these two domains, but also the methodological difficulties faced in each of them. In both domains, there is evidence of sophisticated abilities right from birth. Similarly, researchers in these domains have focused on whether the mechanisms underlying these early competences are modality-specific, object specific or otherwise.
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Diffusion and Use of Geographic Information Technologies
Inbunden, Engelska, 1993
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The diffusion and use of geographic information technologies have increased dramatically in recent years. This book considers the geographic information systems (GIS) phenomenon from a number of different perspectives. It presents the findings of recent research on the diffusion of GIS in Europe and North America. These highlight the extent to which national cultural and institutional factors influence the nature of the diffusion process in different countries and different applications fields. As it brings together a collection of materials on the diffusion and use of geographic information technologies, this text should be of particular interest to students taking advanced courses on geographic information systems, as well as readers researching the shape of the future market, and those involved in implementing these systems in a wide variety of organizations.
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This book offers a survey of the present state of affairs in the discipline of design methodology, with a special focus on relationships between design and science (both knowledge and methods). Contributions from historical, philosophical, engineering, and design practice perspectives have been brought together to ensure a more multidisciplinary view of design methodology as an emerging field of studies. The final session of the book deals with implications for education, both in the training of engineers and in technology education as part of general education. The book is intended for all concerned with historical and philosophical/methodological research in design and design research within the various engineering disciplines. It is also a source of information for those who are involved in (design and) technology education as part of general education.
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Differences between people are a fascinating and long-standing area of psychological inquiry. However, previous research has largely been confined to studies at the descriptive level. This book tries to explain individual difference, rather than merely describe them. Explanations are derived from two major competing frameworks: the biological and social approaches to individuality. The book is based on the contributions of specialists from Europe and North America invited to represent the biological and social points of view. Thus, a direct confrontation is obtained of two approaches that, hitherto, have proceeded with virtually no reference to each other. Attention is paid to behavior genetics, psychophysiology and temperament, as well as to social learning, behavioral strategies and person-environment interactions. Differences and commonalities between the biological and social approaches are scrutinized and a common framework is outlined to stimulate future research. Due to its innovative character, the book is particularly relevant for investigators in the field. In addition, it may be fruitfully used in advanced graduate level courses in personality psychology.
Development of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Chateau de Bonas, Gers, France, July 14-18, 1992
Inbunden, Engelska, 1993
879 kr
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This varied and impressive volume is a record of the major presentations at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the "Development of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior" held at Chateau de Bonas, Gers, France, July 14-18, 1992. Although aspects of sex differences in human and animal behavior have been recently extensively explored both academically and in popularized accounts, the present work shows that the complex interplay between the various biological, political, psychological and sociological factors that account for sex differences has always been, and will continue to be, a source of infinite fascination and confusion to humans. The book contains presentations by a powerful mixture of eminent scientists from the relevant biological and social sciences areas, any ethnocentric tendencies being tempered by the wide mix of nationalities. Current information is placed in an evolutionary and genetic context and includes material from anatomical, endocrinological and behavioral studies of animal behavior and from the human cognitive sciences.The Development of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior is accessible to a spectrum of readers, from university undergraduates to experienced professionals.
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These proceedings of the NATO Advanved Study Institute on Differential Diagnosis and Treatments of Reading and Writing Disorders aim to answer the following questions, from their different research programs: What is the nature of differential diagnosis of reading disabilities?; Are intelligence test scores relevant?; How important is pseudoword reading?; What about listening comprehension?; How best can clinicians supplement group results with individual developmental profiles of reading and writing skills?; How do different models of language-related components within a cognitive-developmental framework explain individual differences in reading disabilities?; What is the nature of phonemic awareness, phonological awareness within the broad context of phonological processing in children with reading disabilities?; What are the differential strategies of poor readers/spellers?.
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ThisvolumerepresentstheproceedingsofaNATOAdvancedResearchWorkShop(ARW) on the topic of "Sensorimotor Impairment in the Elderly" held at the Residenz Hotel, Bad Windsheim, Germany, September 11-13, 1992. The Residenz Hotel provided a pleasarit setting for the ARW in a historic environment. ' The motivation of this ARW was to provide some coherence to the widely scattered literature on motorimpairmentsin the elderly by bringing together, for atwo day workshop, many of the prominent individuals who are doing much of the contemporary research on sensorimotor aging. Our hope was to advance knowledge by having tutorial lectures and provocative discussions. As directors, we wanted the ARW to appraise the main theoretical ideas that currently characterize sensorimotor research on older adults. Our hope is that this volume will provide a review of some of the diverse literature on sensorimotor integration problems in the elderly. What was abundantly clear [TOm the presentations and discussions was how much more remains to be discovered about how motor and sensory systems change with age. The stimulus provided by this volume should be an invaluable reference in the years to come.Thevolume isorganized around five topicthemes: SensorimotorIntegration, AgeChanges in Muscle, Posture and Locomotion, Neurological Diseases, and Effects ofTraining. While they are not comprehensive, the topic themes reflect the structure of the ARW. The chapters within each topic discuss many ofthe currently debated questions on sensorimotormechanisms and how they are altered by age.
Cross-National Longitudinal Research on Human Development and Criminal Behavior
Inbunden, Engelska, 1993
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This volume is the first to bring together the work of longitudinal researchers in the field of criminology around the world. It introduces the newest research results from these projects and focuses on the newest methodological and theoretical developments in longitudinal criminological research for the study of human development and criminal behavior. The focus of the book lies on the following areas: (Multi) Problem Behavior, Age of Onset, and Paths into Delinquent and Criminal Behavior; The Problem of Determining Incidence and Prevalence in Longitudinal Research; Paths of Crime and the Relevance of Nonintervention versus Intervention; Concepts of Criminal Careers and Career Criminals; Desistance: in Search of an Explanation: Life Styles, Life Events, Coping and Aging; Theoretical and Methodological Implications of Longitudinal Research.
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Game-Theoretic Methods in General Equilibrium Analysis
Inbunden, Engelska, 1994
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This text presents a systematic exposition of the use of game-theoretic methods in general equilibrium analysis. Rather than focusing on single concepts, it covers all basic equivalence theorems - core, bargaining set, Shapley and Harsanyi value, Nash equilibria - including an axiomatic approach to them. It examines the value of large games and the new tools used in the strategic approach to general equilibrium. The book is primarily addressed to researchers and advanced graduate students but, being largely self-contained, it can also be used as a text for a course.
Ethological Roots of Culture
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Science Institute, Corona, Italy, June 21-July 3, 1992
Inbunden, Engelska, 1994
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If culture is grounded in human biology, then it has an evolutionary history and rudimentary aspects of culture should be detectable in the behaviour of other modern species. In this volume, ethological investigators and biologically oriented anthropologists examine new discoveries in the transmission of behaviour in social groups and across generations and focus on the theme of the ethological roots of culture.
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This text brings together analysis by an international team of experts of the changes facing defence companies in Europe, North America and SE Asia. The fundamental influences which will shape the future of defence companies after the end of the Cold War are identified and their implications for defence firms assessed. The chapters are based on a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in Winnipeg in May 1992 in which experts from across the region reflected the viewpoints of academics, industrialists and administrators. The book is aimed at academics, industrialists and government officials concerned with the efficient procurement of defence equipment and the implications for a major industrial sector in a time of significant and continuing change and uncertainty. Decisions made now will have long-term implications for the future of the defence industry and the ability to supply and support the equipment needs of the armed forces as they develop to meet as yet unforeseen threats in the future. The book covers the trends in security in North America, Europe and SE Asia and traces their implications for defence firms as the new world security order unfolds.It is particularly timely, coming as defence companies begin to adjust to the evolving needs of a radically changed security system. It covers the major Western suppliers of military equipment as well as the emerging players in the industrialized region of Asia. The book is written by international experts from the countries concerned.