Routledge Comprehensive Grammars – serie

Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language has become firmly established as the leading reference guide to modern Greek grammar. With its detailed treatment of all grammatical structures, its analysis of the complexities of the language and its particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty, it is the first truly comprehensive grammar of the language to be produced. It provides a study of the real patterns of use in contemporary GreekThis second edition continues to focus on the Greek spoken and written by native speakers today. Taking account of recent changes to the Greek language, this new edition features: Significantly expanded material on many areas, including syntax and phonology A new chapter on derivational morphology and other word formation processes including compounding and acronym formation Examples drawn from everyday spoken usage as well as official, journalistic and online discourse, such as newspapers, blogs and discussion groups A significantly expanded index of English terms and Greek words and a revised glossary of termsThe Grammar will be an essential reference source for the adult learner and user of Greek. It is ideal for independent study and for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes, up to an advanced level.

Scottish Gaelic: A Comprehensive Grammar is a definitive description of contemporary Gaelic.The volume presents an authoritative account of modern Gaelic grammar, attending to both idealised usages – as typically taught in formal education – and more colloquial forms. Core chapters include useful observations about dialectal and register differences, such as variations in inflection, pronunciation and word forms. The book also demystifies nuances of the language that many users find opaque, according to recent research. In each chapter, the most important, basic information is presented first (e.g. standard verb conjugations), followed by increasingly detailed information for more advanced users. This way, the book addresses the diverse needs of its intended audience. Brimming with authentic examples, the volume accommodates readers of all levels, from complete beginners to professional linguists. It is both an ideal textbook for structured coursework and an indispensable companion for independent study.

Scottish Gaelic: A Comprehensive Grammar is a definitive description of contemporary Gaelic.The volume presents an authoritative account of modern Gaelic grammar, attending to both idealised usages – as typically taught in formal education – and more colloquial forms. Core chapters include useful observations about dialectal and register differences, such as variations in inflection, pronunciation and word forms. The book also demystifies nuances of the language that many users find opaque, according to recent research. In each chapter, the most important, basic information is presented first (e.g. standard verb conjugations), followed by increasingly detailed information for more advanced users. This way, the book addresses the diverse needs of its intended audience. Brimming with authentic examples, the volume accommodates readers of all levels, from complete beginners to professional linguists. It is both an ideal textbook for structured coursework and an indispensable companion for independent study.

Emirati Arabic: A Comprehensive Grammar offers readers a reference tool for discovering and studying in detail the specific dialect of Arabic spoken in the United Arab Emirates. It covers all major areas of Emirati Arabic grammar, describing in detail its phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic systems. Each grammatical point is illustrated with numerous examples drawn from native Emirati Arabic speakers and is thoroughly discussed providing both accessible and linguistically informed grammatical description.This book is a useful reference for students of Gulf Arabic and/or Modern Standard Arabic or other Arabic dialects with an interest in the dialect spoken in the UAE, researchers interested in Arabic language and linguistics as well as graduate students and scholars interested in Arabic studies.

Emirati Arabic: A Comprehensive Grammar offers readers a reference tool for discovering and studying in detail the specific dialect of Arabic spoken in the United Arab Emirates. It covers all major areas of Emirati Arabic grammar, describing in detail its phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic systems. Each grammatical point is illustrated with numerous examples drawn from native Emirati Arabic speakers and is thoroughly discussed providing both accessible and linguistically informed grammatical description.This book is a useful reference for students of Gulf Arabic and/or Modern Standard Arabic or other Arabic dialects with an interest in the dialect spoken in the UAE, researchers interested in Arabic language and linguistics as well as graduate students and scholars interested in Arabic studies.

Máku: A Comprehensive Grammar is a comprehensive reference grammar of the Maku language, spoken by the jukudeitse who once lived in Venezuela and Brazil. Based on fieldwork with the final two speakers of the language, it describes all core aspects of the grammatical system as they have been recorded; presented through lexical items, example sentences and texts. This book offers a description of the now-extinct language. It was written in response to the loss of linguistic information generally and the significance this language has for the study of the sociolinguistic history of the region specifically. This information contributes to our understanding of linguistic diversity and the indigenous linguistic ecologies in the Americas. Also included is data about language contact via loanwords with other indigenous language spoken in the Northern Amazonian region. The resources in this book are essential for language comparisons and language histories in Venezuela and Brazil.Máku: A Comprehensive Grammar is an important reference for researchers and students in the fields of linguistics, anthropology, sociology, history and the study of Amazonian languages.

Máku: A Comprehensive Grammar is a comprehensive reference grammar of the Maku language, spoken by the jukudeitse who once lived in Venezuela and Brazil. Based on fieldwork with the final two speakers of the language, it describes all core aspects of the grammatical system as they have been recorded; presented through lexical items, example sentences and texts. This book offers a description of the now-extinct language. It was written in response to the loss of linguistic information generally and the significance this language has for the study of the sociolinguistic history of the region specifically. This information contributes to our understanding of linguistic diversity and the indigenous linguistic ecologies in the Americas. Also included is data about language contact via loanwords with other indigenous language spoken in the Northern Amazonian region. The resources in this book are essential for language comparisons and language histories in Venezuela and Brazil.Máku: A Comprehensive Grammar is an important reference for researchers and students in the fields of linguistics, anthropology, sociology, history and the study of Amazonian languages.

Catalan: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Catalan grammar, presenting an accessible and systematic description of the modern language. It is the only comprehensive grammar of the language available in EnglishThe Grammar reflects the current reality of Catalan by acknowledging regional diversity and features Balearic and Valencian varieties alongside the language used in the Barcelona region.The combined specialist knowledge of the author team ensures a balanced coverage of modern Catalan.Features include:* comprehensive coverage of all parts of speech* a wealth of authentic examples illustrating language points* attention to areas of particular difficulty for those whose first language is English* full cross-referencing* detailed index.

Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Ukrainian grammar.The authors have consulted a great number of sources, in addition to a wide range of native speakers. The result is the first true reference grammar of Ukrainian to be published outside Ukraine, it will be the standard reference work for years to come.The volume is organized to enable students of the language to find the information they seek quickly and easily, and to promote a thorough understanding of Ukrainian grammar. It presents the complexities of the language in a systematic and user-friendly form.Features include* detailed tables in each chapter for easy reference* numerous examples throughout* thorough descriptions of all parts of speech* list of grammatical terms in English and Ukrainian* complete descriptions of the word-formational processes of Ukrainian* an overview of past and present changes in the language* bibliography of works relating to Ukrainian* full index.

Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Ukrainian grammar.The authors have consulted a great number of sources, in addition to a wide range of native speakers. The result is the first true reference grammar of Ukrainian to be published outside Ukraine, it will be the standard reference work for years to come.The volume is organized to enable students of the language to find the information they seek quickly and easily, and to promote a thorough understanding of Ukrainian grammar. It presents the complexities of the language in a systematic and user-friendly form.Features include* detailed tables in each chapter for easy reference* numerous examples throughout* thorough descriptions of all parts of speech* list of grammatical terms in English and Ukrainian* complete descriptions of the word-formational processes of Ukrainian* an overview of past and present changes in the language* bibliography of works relating to Ukrainian* full index.

Catalan: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Catalan grammar, presenting an accessible and systematic description of the modern language. It is the only comprehensive grammar of the language available in EnglishThe Grammar reflects the current reality of Catalan by acknowledging regional diversity and features Balearic and Valencian varieties alongside the language used in the Barcelona region.The combined specialist knowledge of the author team ensures a balanced coverage of modern Catalan.Features include:* comprehensive coverage of all parts of speech* a wealth of authentic examples illustrating language points* attention to areas of particular difficulty for those whose first language is English* full cross-referencing* detailed index.

Bengali: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to Bengali grammar.It presents a fresh, accessible and thorough description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Bengali. The book moves from the sounds and script through morphology and word classes to a detailed analysis of sentence structures and semantic features such as aspect, tense, negation and reduplication. The Grammar is an essential reference source for the learner and user of Bengali, irrespective of level. It is ideal for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types. With clear and simple explanations this book will remain the standard reference work for years to come for both learners and linguists alike. The volume is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Bengali grammar. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, and provides full and clear explanations. Throughout, the emphasis is on Bengali as used by present-day native speakers.An extensive index and numbered paragraphs provide readers with easy access to the information they require.Features include: detailed treatment of the common grammatical structures and parts of speechextensive exemplificationparticular attention to areas of confusion and difficultyBengali-English parallels highlighted throughout the book.

Bengali: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to Bengali grammar.It presents a fresh, accessible and thorough description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Bengali. The book moves from the sounds and script through morphology and word classes to a detailed analysis of sentence structures and semantic features such as aspect, tense, negation and reduplication. The Grammar is an essential reference source for the learner and user of Bengali, irrespective of level. It is ideal for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types. With clear and simple explanations this book will remain the standard reference work for years to come for both learners and linguists alike. The volume is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Bengali grammar. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, and provides full and clear explanations. Throughout, the emphasis is on Bengali as used by present-day native speakers.An extensive index and numbered paragraphs provide readers with easy access to the information they require.Features include: detailed treatment of the common grammatical structures and parts of speechextensive exemplificationparticular attention to areas of confusion and difficultyBengali-English parallels highlighted throughout the book.

Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to Cantonese as spoken by native speakers in Hong Kong. It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in current Cantonese. This makes it the ideal reference source for all learners and users of Cantonese, irrespective of level, in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types. Moreover, it will provide a lasting and reliable resource for all fluent speakers of the language. The book is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Cantonese grammar. Arranged by both syntactic categories and language functions, the Grammar provides an in-depth treatment of structures and pays special attention to idiom and speech registers, including trendy language. Explanations are full, clear and free of jargon. A glossary, extensive index and generous use of cross-references provide readers with easy access to the information they require. Features include: comprehensive pronunciation section full use of examples from films, advertising and authentic conversations Cantonese-English parallels highlighted throughout the bookall examples given in Cantonese characters as well as Yale romanizationa Companion Website with supplementary multimedia material.Stephen Matthews is Associate Professor in Linguistics at the University of Hong Kong and Virginia Yip is Professor in the Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. They are Directors of the Childhood Bilingualism Research Centre and have previously co-authored: Basic Cantonese: A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge, 1999) and Intermediate Cantonese: A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge, 2000).

Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to Cantonese as spoken by native speakers in Hong Kong. It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in current Cantonese. This makes it the ideal reference source for all learners and users of Cantonese, irrespective of level, in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types. Moreover, it will provide a lasting and reliable resource for all fluent speakers of the language. The book is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Cantonese grammar. Arranged by both syntactic categories and language functions, the Grammar provides an in-depth treatment of structures and pays special attention to idiom and speech registers, including trendy language. Explanations are full, clear and free of jargon. A glossary, extensive index and generous use of cross-references provide readers with easy access to the information they require. Features include: comprehensive pronunciation section full use of examples from films, advertising and authentic conversations Cantonese-English parallels highlighted throughout the bookall examples given in Cantonese characters as well as Yale romanizationa Companion Website with supplementary multimedia material.Stephen Matthews is Associate Professor in Linguistics at the University of Hong Kong and Virginia Yip is Professor in the Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. They are Directors of the Childhood Bilingualism Research Centre and have previously co-authored: Basic Cantonese: A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge, 1999) and Intermediate Cantonese: A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge, 2000).

Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to the grammar system for intermediate to advanced learners of Polish. It presents an accessible and systematic description of the language, focusing on real patterns of use in contemporary Polish.The Grammar is a comprehensive work and an invaluable resource for students and anyone interested in linguistics and the way modern Polish works. Features include:coverage of all parts of speech full cross referencing well selected and illuminating examples. The book is organised in such a way to promote a thorough understanding of Polish at all levels of structure; the sound system, formation of word and phrases and sentence construction. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, providing clear explanations and examples of each point.Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar is the essential reference work on Polish grammar for all learners and users of the language.

Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to the grammar system for intermediate to advanced learners of Polish. It presents an accessible and systematic description of the language, focusing on real patterns of use in contemporary Polish.The Grammar is a comprehensive work and an invaluable resource for students and anyone interested in linguistics and the way modern Polish works. Features include:coverage of all parts of speech full cross referencing well selected and illuminating examples. The book is organised in such a way to promote a thorough understanding of Polish at all levels of structure; the sound system, formation of word and phrases and sentence construction. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, providing clear explanations and examples of each point.Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar is the essential reference work on Polish grammar for all learners and users of the language.

Danish: A Comprehensive Grammar presents a fresh and accessible description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Danish. The volume is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Danish grammar. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, and provides full and clear explanations. This edition has been fully updated to reflect changes in grammar, cultural changes and the impact of modern technology. All sections have been systematically revised, and a new section on phrases and an up-to-the-moment account of the use of the comma have been added. The examples and grammar explanations have been improved throughout.Features include: a wealth of examples from present-day Danishparticular attention to areas of confusion and difficultyDanish-English parallels highlighted throughout the bookan extensive index and clear paragraph numbering for easy navigationcross-references in all parts of the book.Danish: A Comprehensive Grammar is the most comprehensive and detailed Danish grammar available in English and is an essential reference source for the learner and user of Danish at all levels. It is ideal for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.

Danish: A Comprehensive Grammar presents a fresh and accessible description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Danish. The volume is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Danish grammar. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, and provides full and clear explanations. This edition has been fully updated to reflect changes in grammar, cultural changes and the impact of modern technology. All sections have been systematically revised, and a new section on phrases and an up-to-the-moment account of the use of the comma have been added. The examples and grammar explanations have been improved throughout.Features include: a wealth of examples from present-day Danishparticular attention to areas of confusion and difficultyDanish-English parallels highlighted throughout the bookan extensive index and clear paragraph numbering for easy navigationcross-references in all parts of the book.Danish: A Comprehensive Grammar is the most comprehensive and detailed Danish grammar available in English and is an essential reference source for the learner and user of Danish at all levels. It is ideal for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.

This grammar is a complete reference guide to the language of Indonesia as used by native speakers.The book is organised to promote a thorough understanding of Indonesian grammar. It presents the complexities of Indonesian in a concise and readable form. An extensive index, cross-referencing and a generous use of headings will provide readers with immediate access to the information they require.Key features:to aid clarity, all word groups and structures discussed are illustrated by natural examples of frequently used words and expressionseach section can be read independently, enabling the reader to focus on a specific aspect of the language, if requiredall major structures of Indonesian, from words to complex sentences are described in detailcommon grammatical terms used are all clearly defined in an extensive glossary.By providing a comprehensive description of Indonesian in a clear and non-technical manner, this grammar makes an ideal reference source for all users of the language, whether in colleges, universities or adult education classes of all types.James Neil Sneddon was Associate Professor in the Faculty of Asian and International Studies at Griffith University, with long experience teaching Indonesian language and linguistics. He is also author of Understanding Indonesian Grammar.Alexander Adelaar is Principal Fellow in the Asia Institute at the University of Melbourne. He is author of a number of books on Austronesian linguistics.Dwi Noverini Djenar lectures in the Department of Indonesian Studies at the University of Sydney. She is author of Semantic, Pragmatic and Discourse Perspectives of Preposition Use: A study of Indonesian locatives.Michael C Ewing is a senior lecturer in Indonesian Studies at the Asia Institute at the University of Melbourne. He is author of Grammar and Inference in Conversation: Identifying clause structure in spoken Javanese.

Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language has become firmly established as the leading reference guide to modern Greek grammar. With its detailed treatment of all grammatical structures, its analysis of the complexities of the language and its particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty, it is the first truly comprehensive grammar of the language to be produced. It provides a study of the real patterns of use in contemporary GreekThis second edition continues to focus on the Greek spoken and written by native speakers today. Taking account of recent changes to the Greek language, this new edition features: Significantly expanded material on many areas, including syntax and phonology A new chapter on derivational morphology and other word formation processes including compounding and acronym formation Examples drawn from everyday spoken usage as well as official, journalistic and online discourse, such as newspapers, blogs and discussion groups A significantly expanded index of English terms and Greek words and a revised glossary of termsThe Grammar will be an essential reference source for the adult learner and user of Greek. It is ideal for independent study and for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes, up to an advanced level.

Modern Written Arabic: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to Arabic grammar.The Grammar presents a fresh and accessible description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in contemporary written Arabic. Data is taken from actual written Arabic, both literary and non-literary, observed or published since 1990. Sources range from street signs to high literature. This comprehensive work is an invaluable resource for anyone at the intermediate to advanced level, from students through to teachers and linguists. It is ideal for use in colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.The volume is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Arabic grammar. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, and provides full and clear explanations. Features include: detailed treatment of the common grammatical structures and parts of speech extensive exemplification particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty Arabic-English parallels highlighted throughout the book an extensive index and numbered paragraphs for ease-of-referenceElsaid Badawi was Professor of Arabic Language and Linguistics at the American University in Cairo. Michael G. Carter is Honorary Professor at Sydney University. Adrian Gully is an Independent Professional Interpreter and Translator. Maher Awad is Senior Lecturer of Arabic at Rice University.

Modern Written Arabic: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to Arabic grammar.The Grammar presents a fresh and accessible description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in contemporary written Arabic. Data is taken from actual written Arabic, both literary and non-literary, observed or published since 1990. Sources range from street signs to high literature. This comprehensive work is an invaluable resource for anyone at the intermediate to advanced level, from students through to teachers and linguists. It is ideal for use in colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.The volume is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Arabic grammar. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, and provides full and clear explanations. Features include: detailed treatment of the common grammatical structures and parts of speech extensive exemplification particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty Arabic-English parallels highlighted throughout the book an extensive index and numbered paragraphs for ease-of-referenceElsaid Badawi was Professor of Arabic Language and Linguistics at the American University in Cairo. Michael G. Carter is Honorary Professor at Sydney University. Adrian Gully is an Independent Professional Interpreter and Translator. Maher Awad is Senior Lecturer of Arabic at Rice University.

Winner of the Swedish National Language Council’s Erik Wellander Prize, 2003Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar is an award-winning complete reference guide to modern Swedish grammar. Systematic and accessible, the volume is organised to promote a thorough understanding of Swedish grammar, presenting the complexities of Swedish in a concise and readable form. Explanations are full, clear and free of jargon, and an extensive index, numbered paragraphs, cross-references and summary charts provide readers with easy access to the information they require.Now in its third edition, the text has been comprehensively updated to conform to new standards set in the description of language and to reflect the recommendations of the Language Council of Sweden. It offers an improved layout, completely revised index and more user-friendly paragraph structure. Continuing the tradition of previous editions, the emphasis remains fixed on Swedish in everyday communication, drawing on modern corpus material, the internet and the media to provide high frequency words and expressions. Examples have been modernised throughout and new content takes account of recent trends resulting from the increasing democratisation of written Swedish.Features include:detailed treatment of grammatical structures and parts of speecha wealth of examples from present-day Swedishparticular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty for learnersSwedish/English contrasts highlighted throughout the bookchapters on word formation, orthography and punctuation.Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar is the most thorough and detailed Swedish grammar available in English and is an essential reference source for the learner and user of Swedish, irrespective of level. It is ideal for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.

Japanese: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Japanese grammar. Accessible and systematic, it explores the complexities of the language thoroughly, filling many gaps left by other textbooks. Clear grammar points are put in context using examples from a range of Japanese media. The emphasis is firmly on contemporary Japanese as spoken and written by native speakers.Key features of the book include: coverage of colloquial and standard Japaneseextensive cross-referencingdetailed index of Japanese and English termsup-to-date real examples of current usagegreater emphasis on structures that learners find particularly confusingglossary of linguistic terms.Written by experts in their fields, Japanese: A Comprehensive Grammar will prove a lasting and reliable resource for all learners of Japanese.

Japanese: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Japanese grammar. Accessible and systematic, it explores the complexities of the language thoroughly, filling many gaps left by other textbooks. Clear grammar points are put in context using examples from a range of Japanese media. The emphasis is firmly on contemporary Japanese as spoken and written by native speakers.Key features of the book include: coverage of colloquial and standard Japaneseextensive cross-referencingdetailed index of Japanese and English termsup-to-date real examples of current usagegreater emphasis on structures that learners find particularly confusingglossary of linguistic terms.Written by experts in their fields, Japanese: A Comprehensive Grammar will prove a lasting and reliable resource for all learners of Japanese.

Burmese: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Burmese grammar. It presents a fresh and thorough description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Burmese. The volume is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Burmese grammar. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, with clear explanations. Throughout, the emphasis is on Burmese as used by present-day native speakers. Features include: detailed treatment of the common grammatical structures and parts of speech particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty all examples given in Burmese script, IPA phonetic transcription, and English glossary of linguistic terminology The Grammar is the ideal reference source for intermediate to advanced learners and users of Burmese and will remain the standard reference work for years to come.

Burmese: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Burmese grammar. It presents a fresh and thorough description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Burmese. The volume is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Burmese grammar. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, with clear explanations. Throughout, the emphasis is on Burmese as used by present-day native speakers. Features include: detailed treatment of the common grammatical structures and parts of speech particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty all examples given in Burmese script, IPA phonetic transcription, and English glossary of linguistic terminology The Grammar is the ideal reference source for intermediate to advanced learners and users of Burmese and will remain the standard reference work for years to come.

Norwegian: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Norwegian (the Bokmål standard). The Grammar is an essential source for the serious student of Norwegian, and for students of comparative linguistics. It is ideal for use in colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.The volume is organised to promote a thorough understanding of Norwegian grammar. It presents the complexities of Norwegian in a concise and readable form. Explanations are full, clear and free of jargon. Throughout, the emphasis is on Norwegian as used by present-day native speakers.An extensive index, numbered paragraphs, cross-references and summary charts provide readers with easy access to the information they require.