Heinz Mandl - Böcker

Research on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is a multidisciplinary field located at the intersection of cognitive psychology, computer science, and education. Yet, the different epistemological and theoretical backgrounds of these disciplines often make fruitful exchange between them difficult. CSCL urgently needs to develop and use boundary concepts that can bring these fields closer together to improve cumulative research and development of computer-supported learning environments. Scripting Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning focuses on one term with the potential to become a real boundary concept in CSCL—"scripting".Scripting Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, which has collected advanced script approaches, demonstrates the opportunities for using synergy to apply the script concept between perspectives and interdisciplinary CSCL approaches to scripting.This volume represents the state of the art of research on scripting computer-supported collaborative learning and provides a starting point for the development of a common understanding of scripting in CSCL. Research on collaboration scripts has an extraordinary potential for advancing the multidisciplinary endeavor of CSCL research and this book provides a rich basis for further exploring and realizing this potential. As such, it will be a valuable resource for research, development, and teaching.

Learning Issues for Intelligent Tutoring Systems arrays the most current and exciting research in this dynamic and growing area of cognitive science. The various contributions address the design and use of instructional systems as well as the important theoretical and practical questions involved in implementing knowledge-based systems. This book offers complete and up-to-date reviews of the major research programs in computer-aided instruction and intelligent tutoring systems. Learning Issues for Intelligent Tutoring Systems is an important and useful introduction to this rapidly changing field.

In recent years, the use of technology for the purposes of improving and enriching traditional instructional practices has received a great deal of attention. However, few works have explicitly examined cognitive, psychological, and educational principles on which technology-supported learning environments are based. This volume attempts to cover the need for a thorough theoretical analysis and discussion of the principles of system design that underlie the construction of technology-enhanced learning environments. It presents examples of technology-supported learning environments that cover a broad range of content domains, from the physical sciences and mathematics to the teaching of language and literacy.The emphasis in this book is not on the design of educational software but on the design of learning environments. A great deal of research on learning and instruction has recently moved out of the laboratory into the design of applications in instructional settings. By designing technology-supported learning environments instructional scientists attempt to better understand the theories and principles that are explicit in their theories of learning. The contributors to this volume examine how factors such as social interaction, the creation of meaningful activities, the use of multiple perspectives, and the construction of concrete representations influence the acquisition of new information and transfer.

In recent years, the use of technology for the purposes of improving and enriching traditional instructional practices has received a great deal of attention. However, few works have explicitly examined cognitive, psychological, and educational principles on which technology-supported learning environments are based. This volume attempts to cover the need for a thorough theoretical analysis and discussion of the principles of system design that underlie the construction of technology-enhanced learning environments. It presents examples of technology-supported learning environments that cover a broad range of content domains, from the physical sciences and mathematics to the teaching of language and literacy.The emphasis in this book is not on the design of educational software but on the design of learning environments. A great deal of research on learning and instruction has recently moved out of the laboratory into the design of applications in instructional settings. By designing technology-supported learning environments instructional scientists attempt to better understand the theories and principles that are explicit in their theories of learning. The contributors to this volume examine how factors such as social interaction, the creation of meaningful activities, the use of multiple perspectives, and the construction of concrete representations influence the acquisition of new information and transfer.

Research on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is a multidisciplinary field located at the intersection of cognitive psychology, computer science, and education. Yet, the different epistemological and theoretical backgrounds of these disciplines often make fruitful exchange between them difficult. CSCL urgently needs to develop and use boundary concepts that can bring these fields closer together to improve cumulative research and development of computer-supported learning environments. Scripting Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning focuses on one term with the potential to become a real boundary concept in CSCL—"scripting".Scripting Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, which has collected advanced script approaches, demonstrates the opportunities for using synergy to apply the script concept between perspectives and interdisciplinary CSCL approaches to scripting.This volume represents the state of the art of research on scripting computer-supported collaborative learning and provides a starting point for the development of a common understanding of scripting in CSCL. Research on collaboration scripts has an extraordinary potential for advancing the multidisciplinary endeavor of CSCL research and this book provides a rich basis for further exploring and realizing this potential. As such, it will be a valuable resource for research, development, and teaching.

This most unusual book results from the NATO Advanced Research Work­ shop, "Designing Hypertext/Hypermedia for Learning", held in Rottenburg am Neckar, FRO, from July 3-8, 1989. The idea for the workshop resulted from the burgeoning interest in hypertext combined with the frustrating lack of literature on leaming applications for hypertext. There was little evidence in 1988 that hypertext could successfully support learning out­ comes. A few projects were investigating hypertext for learning, but few conclusions were available and little if any advice on how to design hyper­ text for learning applications was available. Could hypertext support learning objectives? What mental processing requirements are unique to learning outcomes? How would the processing requirements of learning outcomes interact with unique user processing requirements of browsing and constructing hypertext? Should hypertext information bases be restruc­ tured to accommodate learning outcomes? Should the user interface be manipulated in order to support the task functionality of learning outcomes? Does the hypertext structure reflect the intellectual requirements of learning outcomes? What kinds of learning-oriented hypertext systems were being developed and what kinds of assumptions were these systems making? These and other questions demonstrated the need for this workshop. The workshop included presentations, hardware demonstrations, sharing and browsing of hypertexts, and much discussion about all of the above. These were the experiences that you, the reader of this book, unfortunately did not experience.

Most would agree that the acquisition of problem-solvingability is a primary goal of education. The emergence of thenew information technologiesin the last ten years hasraised high expectations with respect to the possibilitiesof the computer as an instructional tool for enhancingstudents' problem-solving skills.This volume is the first to assemble, review, and discussthe theoretical, methodological, and developmental knowledgerelating to this topical issue in a multidisciplinaryconfrontation of highly recommended experts in cognitivescience, computer science, educational technology, andinstructional psychology.Contributors describe the most recent results and the mostadvanced methodological approaches relating to theapplication of the computer for encouraging knowledgeconstruction, stimulating higher-order thinking and problemsolving, and creating powerfullearning environments forpursuing those objectives. The computer applications relateto a variety of content domains and age levels.

The present volume contains a large number of the papers contributed to the Advanced Study Institute on the Psychological and Educational Foundations of Technology-Based Learning Environments, which took place in Crete in the summer of 1992. The purpose of the Advanced Study Institute was to bring together a small number of senior lecturers and advanced graduate students to investigate and discuss the psychological and educational foundations of technology-based learning environments and to draw the implications of recent research findings in the area of cognitive science for the development of educational technology. As is apparent from the diverse nature of the contributions included in this volume, the participants at the ASI came from different backgrounds and looked at the construction of technology -based learning environments from rather diverse points of view. Despite the diversity, a surprising degree of overlap and agreement was achieved. Most of the contributors agreed that the kinds of technology-supported learning environments we should construct should stimulate students to be active and constructive in their knowledge-building efforts, embed learning in meaningful and authentic activities, encourage collaboration and social interaction, and take into consideration students' prior knowledge and beliefs.

The NATO workshop ''Knowledge acquisition in the domain of physics and intelligent learning environments" was held in Lyon, France, July 8-12, 1990. A total of 31 researchers from Europe (France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and the U. K. ), the U. S. A. , and Japan worked together. This proceedings volume contains most of the contributions to the workshop. The papers show clearly the main directions of research in intelligent learning environments. They display a variety of points of view depending on the researcher's own background even when a single domain of teaching, namely physics, is considered. We acknowledge the assistance of Michael Baker, who was responsible for reviewing the English of the contributions. February 1992 Andree TIberghien Heinz Mandl Table of Contents Introduction 1 1. Teaching Situations and Physics Knowledge Introductory University Courses and Open Environment Approaches: The Computer as a Multi-role Mediator in Teaching/Learning Physics 5 E. Balzano, P. Guidoni, M. Moretti, E. Sassi, G. Sgueglia Practical Work Aid: Knowledge Representation in a Model Based AI System 21 J. Courtois Simultaneous Processing of Different Problem Aspects in Expert Problem Solving: An Analysis in the Domain of Physics on the Basis of Formal Theories of Commonsense Knowledge 35 A. Hron Modelis: An Artificial Intelligence System Which Models Thermodynamics Textbook Problems 47 G. Tisseau 2. Different Approaches to Student Modelling Steps Towards the Formalisation of a Psycho-logic of Motion 65 J. Bliss, J.