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As celebrations of the five-hundredth anniversary of Martin Luther''s initiation of the most dramatic reform movement in the history of Christianity approach, 47 essays by historians and theologians from 15 countries provide insight into the background and context, the content, and the impact of his way of thought. Nineteenth-century Chinese educational reformers, twentieth-century African and Indian social reformers, German philosophers and Christians of many traditions on every continent have found in Luther''s writings stimulation and provocation for addressing modern problems. This volume offers studies of the late medieval intellectual milieus in which his thought was formed, the hermeneutical principles that guided his reading and application of the Bible, the content of his formulations of Christian teaching on specific topics, his social and ethic thought, the ways in which his contemporaries, both supporters and opponents, helped shape his ideas, the role of specific genre in developing his positions on issues of the day, and the influences he has exercised in the past and continues to exercise today in various parts of the world and the Christian church. Authors synthesize the scholarly debates and analysis of Luther''s thinking and point to future areas of research and exploration of his thought.

As celebrations of the five-hundredth anniversary of Martin Luther''s initiation of the most dramatic reform movement in the history of Christianity approach, 47 essays by historians and theologians from 15 countries provide insight into the background and context, the content, and the impact of his way of thought. Nineteenth-century Chinese educational reformers, twentieth-century African and Indian social reformers, German philosophers and Christians of many traditions on every continent have found in Luther''s writings stimulation and provocation for addressing modern problems. This volume offers studies of the late medieval intellectual milieus in which his thought was formed, the hermeneutical principles that guided his reading and application of the Bible, the content of his formulations of Christian teaching on specific topics, his social and ethic thought, the ways in which his contemporaries, both supporters and opponents, helped shape his ideas, the role of specific genre in developing his positions on issues of the day, and the influences he has exercised in the past and continues to exercise today in various parts of the world and the Christian church. Authors synthesize the scholarly debates and analysis of Luther''s thinking and point to future areas of research and exploration of his thought.

As celebrations of the five-hundredth anniversary of Martin Luther's initiation of the most dramatic reform movement in the history of Christianity approach, 47 essays by historians and theologians from 15 countries provide insight into the background and context, the content, and the impact of his way of thought. Nineteenth-century Chinese educational reformers, twentieth-century African and Indian social reformers, German philosophers and Christians of many traditions on every continent have found in Luther's writings stimulation and provocation for addressing modern problems. This volume offers studies of the late medieval intellectual milieus in which his thought was formed, the hermeneutical principles that guided his reading and application of the Bible, the content of his formulations of Christian teaching on specific topics, his social and ethic thought, the ways in which his contemporaries, both supporters and opponents, helped shape his ideas, the role of specific genre in developing his positions on issues of the day, and the influences he has exercised in the past and continues to exercise today in various parts of the world and the Christian church. Authors synthesize the scholarly debates and analysis of Luther's thinking and point to future areas of research and exploration of his thought.

As celebrations of the five-hundredth anniversary of Martin Luther's initiation of the most dramatic reform movement in the history of Christianity approach, 47 essays by historians and theologians from 15 countries provide insight into the background and context, the content, and the impact of his way of thought. Nineteenth-century Chinese educational reformers, twentieth-century African and Indian social reformers, German philosophers and Christians of many traditions on every continent have found in Luther's writings stimulation and provocation for addressing modern problems. This volume offers studies of the late medieval intellectual milieus in which his thought was formed, the hermeneutical principles that guided his reading and application of the Bible, the content of his formulations of Christian teaching on specific topics, his social and ethic thought, the ways in which his contemporaries, both supporters and opponents, helped shape his ideas, the role of specific genre in developing his positions on issues of the day, and the influences he has exercised in the past and continues to exercise today in various parts of the world and the Christian church. Authors synthesize the scholarly debates and analysis of Luther's thinking and point to future areas of research and exploration of his thought.

Die Reformation als historischer Umbruch sowohl in theologischer, als auch politischer und gesellschaftlicher Hinsicht stellte alte Ordnungsvorstellungen in Frage und etablierte zur Gewährleistung einer ''guten Ordnung'' nicht selten neue Ordnungsmodelle. Dabei konnten von Fall zu Fall durchaus auch Kontinuitätslinien aufscheinen. Der Entwurf neuer Ordnungsmodelle zielte aber stets darauf, solche Strukturen zu schaffen, die ermöglichten, auch theologische, von der Reformation beeinflusste Grundsätze wirklichkeitsbestimmend umzusetzen, zumal man die eigene Gegenwart als Schwelle zu einer bald hereinbrechenden, heilsgeschichtlich interpretierten Endzeit wertete. Die hier versammelten Aufsätze nehmen unterschiedliche Typen von normativen Quellen in den Blick und stellen die Frage nach der Bedeutung des konfessionellen Moments für die Vorstellung von Ordnung im theologischen und säkularen Bereich.

Die von Luther und Melanchthon getragene Wittenberger Reformation war nicht zuletzt bestimmt durch die Interaktion einer Gruppe von gleichgesinnten Mitstreitern. Zu diesem Reformatorenkreis gehörte auch Justus Jonas. Er wird in seinen persönlichen Kontexten als Theologe, Exeget und Übersetzer gewürdigt und als juristisch gebildeter Mitarbeiter an den Strukturen der entstehenden reformatorischen Kirche charakterisiert.Schließlich kommt er als Reformator und Prediger im Wittenberger Einflussbereich in den Blick, damals herausgefordert durch die politischen Ereignisse und eingebunden in die an Luthers Tod anschließende Traditionsbildung. So entsteht ein Profil, das Jonas im Wittenberger Reformatorenkollegium einen unverwechselbaren Platz zuweist.

Johannes Mathesius (1504–1565), Prediger und Pfarrer im böhmischen Joachimsthal, gehört zu den von Wittenberg geprägten Reformatoren. Mit Luther und Melanchthon war er persönlich bekannt. Durch seine im 16. Jahrhundert vielfach aufgelegten Predigten, unter denen die Lutherpredigten die bekanntesten sind, trug er zur Verbreitung der Wittenberger Theologie erheblich bei. Viele Pfarrergenerationen fanden in ihnen homiletische Musterbeispiele und eine klare Umsetzung der Wittenberger Theologie in den Gemeindealltag. Die böhmische Bergbaumetropole Joachimsthal wurde unter seiner Leitung zu einer reformatorischen Mustergemeinde.Diesem wirkmächtigen Multiplikator der Wittenberger Reformation ist dieses Buch gewidmet, das die Vorträge zweier Tagungen (2004 und 2014) vereint. Im Mittelpunkt steht Mathesius als Prediger, Exeget und Seelsorger.Mit Beiträgen von Alexander Bartmuß, Michael Beyer, Christopher Boyd Brown, Marco Frenschkowski, Jens Herzer, Andrea Hofmann, Henning P. Jürgens, Armin Kohnle, Robert Kolb, Stefan Michel, Christine Mundhenk, Tricia Ross, Karl W. Schwarz, Martin Wernisch und Markus Wriedt.Johannes Mathesius (1504–1565). Reception and Dissemination of the Wittenberg Reformation through Preaching and Exegesis. Leucorea-Studies on the History of the Reformation and the Lutheran Orthodoxy]Johannes Mathesius (1504–1565), preacher and pastor in Joachimsthal, Bohemia, belongs to the reformers who were strongly influenced by Wittenberg. After all, he was personally acquainted with Luther and Melanchthon. His sermons, of which the sermons on Luther are best known, have been reprinted in numerous editions in the 19th century and have been instrumental in the dissemination of the Wittenberg theology. Many generations of pastors did find here homiletical models and a clear implementation of the Wittenberg theology in the everyday life of the congregation. Under his leadership the Bohemian mining centre Joachimsthal became a reformed model community. The present volume is a collection of lectures of two conferences in 2004 and 2014, the main focus being the powerful multiplier of Wittenberg reformation, Johannes Mathesius.

Das Reformationsjubiläum lenkt den Blick nicht nur auf Martin Luther als Person, Universitätsprofessor, Theologe und Prediger, sondern auch auf die Bedingungen, die sein Wirken ermöglichten, sowie auf das Umfeld, in dem er agierte. Dafür sind die Anfänge der Reformation und der Ort der "Initia Reformationis", Wittenberg, von besonderem Interesse. Die in diesem Band versammelten Beiträge widmen sich den Kontexten, den entwicklungsgeschichtlichen Bedingungen sowie den durch die frühe Reformation freigesetzten Impulsen und deren – langfristiger – Wirkung. Die übergreifenden politischen, theologischen, frömmigkeits- und mediengeschichtlichen Bedingungen kommen ebenso zur Sprache wie das Leben in der Stadt und der Universität Wittenberg als Mikrokosmos der frühen Reformation.Mit Beiträgen von Rosemarie Aulinger, Enno Bünz, Livia Cárdenas, Irene Dingel, Thomas Fuchs, Mirko Gutjahr, Christiane Hennen, Armin Kohnle, Volker Leppin, Ulrike Ludwig, Heiner Lück, Marcel Nieden, Stefan Oehmig, Wolf-Friedrich Schäufele, Johannes Schilling, Uwe Schirmer und Christopher Spehr.[Initia Reformationis. Wittenberg and the Early Reformation]The anniversary of the Reformation directs our attention not only to Martin Luther as a person, university professor, theologian and preacher, but also to the conditions which made his impact possible, as well as the milieu in which he was acting. For exploring these topics the beginnings of the Reformation and the locale in which they took place, Wittenberg, are of particular interest. The essays collected in this volume are dedicated to the context, the conditions in which these historical factors developed, as well as the impulses that were set in motion by the early Reformation and their – long-term – impact. The overarching political and theological conditions, and the associated aspects in popular piety and media, are discussed alongside life in the town and at the university of Wittenberg as a microcosmos of the early Reformation.

Das Reformationsjubiläum lenkt den Blick nicht nur auf Martin Luther als Person, Universitätsprofessor, Theologe und Prediger, sondern auch auf die Bedingungen, die sein Wirken ermöglichten, sowie auf das Umfeld, in dem er agierte. Dafür sind die Anfänge der Reformation und der Ort der "Initia Reformationis", Wittenberg, von besonderem Interesse. Die in diesem Band versammelten Beiträge widmen sich den Kontexten, den entwicklungsgeschichtlichen Bedingungen sowie den durch die frühe Reformation freigesetzten Impulsen und deren – langfristiger – Wirkung. Die übergreifenden politischen, theologischen, frömmigkeits- und mediengeschichtlichen Bedingungen kommen ebenso zur Sprache wie das Leben in der Stadt und der Universität Wittenberg als Mikrokosmos der frühen Reformation.Mit Beiträgen von Rosemarie Aulinger, Enno Bünz, Livia Cárdenas, Irene Dingel, Thomas Fuchs, Mirko Gutjahr, Christiane Hennen, Armin Kohnle, Volker Leppin, Ulrike Ludwig, Heiner Lück, Marcel Nieden, Stefan Oehmig, Wolf-Friedrich Schäufele, Johannes Schilling, Uwe Schirmer und Christopher Spehr.[Initia Reformationis. Wittenberg and the Early Reformation]The anniversary of the Reformation directs our attention not only to Martin Luther as a person, university professor, theologian and preacher, but also to the conditions which made his impact possible, as well as the milieu in which he was acting. For exploring these topics the beginnings of the Reformation and the locale in which they took place, Wittenberg, are of particular interest. The essays collected in this volume are dedicated to the context, the conditions in which these historical factors developed, as well as the impulses that were set in motion by the early Reformation and their – long-term – impact. The overarching political and theological conditions, and the associated aspects in popular piety and media, are discussed alongside life in the town and at the university of Wittenberg as a microcosmos of the early Reformation.

Die Familie Cruciger spielte eine wichtige Rolle in der frühen Reformationsgeschichte. Caspar Cruciger der Ältere zählte zum engsten Kreis der Wittenberger Reformatoren um Luther und Melanchthon, seine erste Ehefrau Elisabeth ist bekannt als Dichterin des Kirchenlieds "Herr Christ, der einig Gotts Sohn", das sich noch immer im Evangelischen Gesangbuch findet. Weniger deutlich in Erinnerung ist Caspar Cruciger der Jüngere, der als eifriger Schüler Melanchthons nach dem Tod seines Lehrers dessen Lehrveranstaltungen übernahm, bald aber in die theologischen Auseinandersetzungen an der Universität Wittenberg verstrickt wurde und als Philippist seine Stelle verlor.Der Band, der auf die XIII. Frühjahrstagung zur Geschichte der Wittenberger Reformation zurückgeht, vereinigt 18 Aufsätze, in denen "die Crucigers" in ihrer Bedeutung für die Wittenberger Reformation eingehend gewürdigt werden. Korrespondenz und Publikationen des älteren Cruciger werden erstmals umfassend verzeichnet.[The Crucigers. Caspar the Elder, Caspar the Younger and Elisabeth Cruciger and their Importance for the Wittenberg Reformation]The Cruciger family played an important role in the early history of the Reformation. Caspar Cruciger the Elder belonged to the closest circle of the Wittenberg reformers around Luther and Melanchthon. His first wife Elisabeth is known as the author of the hymn "Herr Christ, der einig Gotts Sohn", which is still found in the Protestant hymn book. Less well known is Caspar Cruciger the Younger, who, as a zealous student of Melanchthon, took over his teacher''s classes after his teacher''s death, but soon became entangled in the theological disputes at the University of Wittenberg and lost his job. The volume, which goes back to the XIII Spring Conference on the History of the Wittenberg Reformation, brings together 18 essays in which "the Crucigers" are extensively acknowledged in their significance for the Wittenberg Reformation. Correspondence and publications of the older Cruciger are listed comprehensively for the first time.

Die von der Reformation ausgehenden Impulse veränderten nicht nur Kirche und Frömmigkeit, sondern auch die Strukturen der Gesellschaft sowie die rechtlichen und politischen Dimensionen der damaligen Lebenswelt. Die hier versammelten Beiträge, die zum überwiegenden Teil aus den Themenjahren der Reformationsdekade hervorgegangen sind, veranschaulichen das gestaltende und nachhaltig wirkende Potenzial der Reformation. Sie spannen einen weiten Bogen vom 16. bis in den Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts und eröffnen Perspektiven auf die frühe Verbreitung reformatorischer Inhalte, auf Formen von Frömmigkeit und katechetischer Unterweisung sowie auf rechtliche Neuordnung in politisch motivierten Religionsfriedensregelungen einerseits und kirchlich ausgerichteter Union andererseits.[Reformation ;Formations and Effects. Speyer Lectures]The impulses that were set in motion by the Reformation caused changes not only in the church and in popular piety but also in the structures of society as well as the legal and political dimensions of the world of that time. The essays that appear in this collection, which arose primarily out of the annual themes of the Reformation Decade, provide vantage points from which to view the capacity of the Reformation to shape elements of society with lasting effect. The essays span a wide spectrum from the sixteenth into the early nineteenth centuries and open perspectives on the early spread of the reformational message, forms of piety and catechetical instruction, as well as the legal reordering resulting from politically motivated regulations set down in religious peace treaties and an ecclesiastically arranged Union.

Johann Agricola aus Eisleben, auch genannt Islebius, gehörte zum Kreis der Wittenberger Reformatoren und genoss lange das Vertrauen Martin Luthers und Philipp Melanchthons. Aber bald wurde er zu einem ihrer erbittertsten Gegner. Zwar verstand sich Agricola selbst als treuer Repräsentant der Wittenberger Theologie, geriet aber durch seine eigenwilligen Positionen und seine Mitwirkung am Augsburger Interim von 1548 immer wieder in verschiedene Auseinandersetzungen um die reformatorische Lehre. Selbstbild und Fremdbild klafften weit auseinander.Die hier versammelten Aufsätze versuchen, diesem Befund auf den Grund zu gehen, indem sie die verschiedenen Wirkungsstätten und Wirkungsperioden Agricolas in den Blick nehmen und dazu die in jenen Zusammenhängen entstandenen Schriften heranziehen. Damit eröffnet der Band eine neue Perspektive auf Agricola, die ihn nicht auf den Streittheologen reduziert, sondern die Vielfalt seines Lebens und Wirkens erschließt.Mit Beiträgen von Marion Bechtold-Mayer, Irene Dingel, Tobias Jammerthal, Henning P. Jürgens, Brandt Klawitter, Ingo Klitzsch, Armin Kohnle, Nicole Kuropka, Stefan Michel, Stefan Michels, Markus Müller, Jonathan Reinert, Stefan Rhein, Hans-Otto Schneider, Eike Hinrich Thomsen und Christopher Voigt-Goy.[Johann Agricola from Eisleben (ca. 1494–1566). From Friend to Foe of the Wittenberg Reformers]Johann Agricola from Eisleben, also known as Islebius, belonged to the circle of Wittenberg reformers and enjoyed the trust of Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon for a long time. However, he eventually became one of their fiercest opponents. Agricola saw himself as a faithful representative of Wittenberg theology. Nonetheless, due to his unconventional positions and his involvement in the Augsburg Interim of 1548, he repeatedly became embroiled in various disputes about the doctrine of the Reformation. Self-image and external image diverged widely.The contributions collected here attempt to get to the bottom of this observation by looking at Agricola''s various places and periods of activity and drawing on the writings produced in these contexts. The volume thus opens up a new perspective on Agricola that does not reduce him to merely a controversial theologian, but rather reveals the diversity of his life and work.

The contributions collected by Irene Dingel and Herman Selderhuis in this volume concern the influence of the Swiss reformer Johannes Calvin in Europe and the later, far-reaching impact of Calvinism. Calvinism is primarily an internationally present confessional system whose representatives were active not only in the theological, but also in the social, political and cultural arenas; they interacted with existing systems and played a major role in the development of modern Europe. The book is divided into three thematic sections concerning Calvin himself and his influence in both Eastern and Western Europe; Calvin´s expulsion and exile and the resulting manifestations of early Calvinism; and finally the spiritual power of Calvinism found in a specific type of spirituality and emanation. This volume picks up on the various modern discussions, connects them with the potent influences of Calvinism in Europe through the ages, and introduces interdisciplinary and international themes to enlighten new research.

In this volume the authors study the three major monotheistic religions Judaism, Christianity and Islam to determine how they each approach their political roles. They discuss the relationship between religion and politics with a special emphasis: How and why do religions consider it normal to engage in political activities? What is the logic behind their aspiration to take on "political tasks"? The contributions consider the political self-image of these religions and compare them to external perception thereof from a nonreligious perspective.

Das Institut fër Europäische Geschichte Mainz und die Johannes Gutenberg-Universität veranstalteten im akademischen Jahr 2010/2011 im Rahmen des Studienprogramms des gemeinsamen Graduiertenkollegs "Die christlichen Kirchen vor der Herausforderung "Europa" (1890 bis zur Gegenwart)" eine Vorlesungsreihe, die unter dem Titel "Die Kirchen in Europa: Denker und Querdenker". Die Vorträge gingen der Frage nach, wie sich kirchennahe Organisationen und ihre Entscheidungsträger zum Gedanken einer Einigung Europas positionierten und sich dem Prozess der europäischen Integration stellten. Der Fokus der Reihe richtete sich - als Pendant zu der ersten Ringvorlesung, die 2009-2010 stattfand und in einem Band "Die europäische Integration und die Kirchen. Akteure und Rezipienten" dokumentiert wurde - auf Persönlichkeiten und Gruppierungen, die in die Öffentlichkeit hineinwirkten und deren Meinungsbildung mitgestalteten. Der Band versammelt acht Beiträge von Kirchenhistorikern, Historikern und Politikwissenschaftlern. Die Beiträge decken einen langen Zeitraum ab und beleuchten in Fallbeispielen oder ëberblicksartig die Zeit vom ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert bis an die Schwelle der Gegenwart. Trotz eines gewissen Schwerpunkts im deutschsprachigen Raum wird der Blick auch nach Estland und Italien gelenkt. In Betracht kommen Gruppen, wie politische Parteien; Konfessionskirchen, wie z. B. das Luthertum, und Institutionen, wie der Heilige Stuhl. Vorgestellt werden aber auch und vor allem Einzelpersonen und deren Haltung, wobei auch hier das Spektrum sehr weit ist und von der "Prominenz" bis hin zu weniger bekannten "Einzelgängern" reicht.

Andreas Osiander's teaching of Christ's indwelling in the Spirit as a form of justification for sinners was met with violent rejection by many leading Lutheran theologians of his time, who saw it as a devaluation of Jesus Christ's crucifixion. This volume of the edition series "Controversia et Confessio" documents the so-called Osianderic Controversy from 1551 on the basis of selected sources. Since Osiander's texts are already available in critical editions, the present edition concentrates primarily on the writings of the opponents, it contains, among other things, texts by Philipp Melanchthon, Matthias Flacius, Joachim Moerlin; but defenders of Osiander also have their say, such as Johannes Funck and Matthäus Vogel.

These twelve essays by international scholars investigate Melanchthons theological activities as teacher, confessor of the faith, and defender of his doctrine and ecclesiastical policies as they developed within the context of his service of society and church. In the past quarter century Melanchthon researchers have scrutinized older, mostly negative, interpretations of the Preceptor Germaniae. The editors present in this volume precisely focused appraisals of "Master Philip" in his role as theologian at the university and in the service of his own prince and others. By carefully placing his use of Aristotle, his understanding of the nature of training for pastoral ministry, his biblical exegesis in context, by analyzing four of his attempts to formulate Wittenberg teaching in public confession, by assessing how his own writings took on normative character for the church, and by tracing his thinking on the free will and the Lords Supper in the midst of controversy, these authors offer carefully etched portraits of Melanchthon as Preceptor ecclesiae. This volume contributes to the expansion of our understanding of Melanchthon as key figure in the Wittenberg Reformation and the currents of controversy that have long surrounded the interpretation of his contributions. These twelve essays by international scholars investigate Melanchthons theological activities as teacher, confessor of the faith, and defender of his doctrine and ecclesiastical policies as they developed within the context of his service of society and church. In the past quarter century Melanchthon researchers have scrutinized older, mostly negative, interpretations of the Preceptor Germaniae. The editors present in this volume precisely focused appraisals of "Master Philip" in his role as theologian at the university and in the service of his own prince and others. By carefully placing his use of Aristotle, his understanding of the nature of training for pastoral ministry, his biblical exegesis in context, by analyzing four of his attempts to formulate Wittenberg teaching in public confession, by assessing how his own writings took on normative character for the church, and by tracing his thinking on the free will and the Lords Supper in the midst of controversy, these authors offer carefully etched portraits of Melanchthon as Preceptor ecclesiae. This volume contributes to the expansion of our understanding of Melanchthon as key figure in the Wittenberg Reformation and the currents of controversy that have long surrounded the interpretation of his contributions.

Im Jahr 1555 hielt der Leipziger Theologieprofessor Johann Pfeffinger eine Disputation ëber den freien Willen des Menschen ab. Dabei betonte er, im Anschluss an die Lehre Philipp Melanchthons, dass bei der Bekehrung des Menschen auch der menschliche Wille eine Rolle spiele. Die Publikation dieser Disputation im Jahr 1558 war der Auslöser des Synergistischen Streits (1555/58-1564). Dass man sich so intensiv auseinandersetzte, lag daran, dass diese theologische Problematik im Grunde weit ëber den Zusammenhang der "conversio" hinausging und zugleich die grundsätzliche, anthropologisch bedeutsame Frage tangierte, ob sich der Mensch frei und aus eigenem Antrieb dem Guten zuwenden könne. Den Spaltungen, den dieser Streit besonders innerhalb des Herzogtums Sachsen herauffëhrte, versuchte Herzog Johann Friedrich der Mittlere teils durch Vermittlungsbemëhungen, teils durch Entlassungen von Pfarrern und Professoren entgegenzuwirken. Im fënften Band der Edition "Controversia et Confessio" werden die fër den Streit ausschlaggebenden Texte von Johann Pfeffinger, Nikolaus von Amsdorf, Victorin Strigel, Matthias Flacius, Nikolaus Gallus und anderen Theologen geboten. Auch das "Weimarer Konfutationsbuchs", das hier erstmals kritisch ediert wird, ist in diesem Zusammenhang von Bedeutung.

Band 1 der Editionsreihe "Controversia et Confessio" behandelt den Interimistischen Streit 1548-1549. ie Reihe bietet ausgewählte Quellentexte zu den innerprotestantischen Streitigkeiten nach Luthers Tod im Vorfeld der Konkordienformel (1577) und des Konkordienbuches (1580). Dabei ist jeder Band einem besonderen theologisch definierten Streitkreis gewidmet und thematisch in sich abgeschlossen. Jeder Band ist durch eigene Register erschlossen und ist je fÃ"r sich benutzbar.

Vor dem Hintergrund der Kontroverse um die Notwendigkeit guter Werke (Majoristischer Streit, unsere Edition Bd. 3) brachen weitergehende Fragen auf. Im Zentrum des Antinomistischen Streits (1556-1571) stand die Frage nach Funktion, Bedeutung und Gebrauch des Gesetzes und des Evangeliums für das Leben der Christen. Insbesondere war strittig, ob der Mensch nach seiner Bekehrung einer besonderen Anleitung zum gottgefälligen Leben durch das Gesetz bedürfe. Die Diskussion wurde ausgelöst durch den Abschied der Eisenacher Synode von 1556, der die Sorge um die rechte Verhältnisbestimmung von Gesetz und Evangelium ansprach. Verschiedene Aspekte diesesProblems wurden an unterschiedlichen Orten des Reichs besonders intensiv debattiert, wobei die Begrifflichkeiten teils sehr schwankend waren. Der Gefahr von Spaltungen innerhalb der Gemeinwesen durch die andauernden theologischen Streitigkeiten suchten die jeweiligen Obrigkeiten teils durch Vermittlung, teils auch durch Zwangsmaßnahmen entgegenzuwirken, so dass es mehrfach zur Entlassung von Predigern kam. Im vierten Band der Edition "Controversia et Confessio" sind für den Streit bedeutsame Texte von Matthias Flacius, Anton Otho, Nikolaus von Amsdorf, Abdias Praetorius, Andreas Musculus, Joachim Mörlin, Andreas Fabricius, Jakob Sybold, Paul Crell, Johann Wigand, Christoph Pezel und anderen versammelt.

Does the original sin affect the essence of man, the substance of man and destroy his likeness to God, or does it ultimately remain something external, an accident that leaves man with the ability to participate in his own justification? - This question is at the center of the so-called original sin dispute that broke out in the aftermath of the Weimar disputation of 1560 between Matthias Flacius Illyricus and Victorin Strigel. With the publication of Flacius' original sin treaty as part of his textbook "Clavis scripturae" in 1567, the discussion expanded into a heated argument among once-like-minded Lutheran theologians, which produced numerous pamphlets, which were broadcast in the congregations and in some cases were violently carried out. Even the formula of concord from 1577 could not completely settle the dispute, especially in Austria there were still communities that clung to Flacius' radical doctrine of original sin for a longer period of time.

With foundations in medieval times, religious conversations became a powerful control instrument of religious and confessional politics, which was meant as a remedy to inner-Christian and inner-confessional quarrels in the aftermath of the Reformation (16/17th century). From different confessional angles this volume deals with these often transient but highly influential religious conversations at the intersections of Theology and Politics.