Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences – serie
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122 produkter
122 produkter
Inbunden, Engelska, 2003
1 701 kr
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I ?nd it impossible to write a preface to this work, without discovering a little of the enthusiasm which I have contracted from an attention to it. Joseph Priestley. The History and Present State of Electricity. It is generally considered bad form in writing, unless on matters autob- graphic,tomakeunbridleduseoftheperpendicularpronoun. Thereaderof the present book, however, may well wonder why one would want to study 1 the life and works of Thomas Bayes, ‘this strangely neglected topic’ , and it is only by a reluctant use of the ?rst person singular on the part of the author that this legitimate question can be answered. It was in the late 1960s that my interest in various aspects of subjective probability was awakened by some of the papers of I. J. (‘Jack’) Good, and this was followed by the reading of works such as Harold Je?reys’s Theory of Probability. In many of these the (apparently simple) result known as Bayes’s Theorem played a pivotal rˆ ole, and it struck me that it might be interesting to ?nd out a bit more about Thomas Bayes himself. In trying to satisfy this curiosity in spasmodic periods over many years I discovered that little information seemed to be available. Writings by John D.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2004
1 496 kr
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The question of when and how the basic concepts that characterize modern science arose in Western Europe has long been central to the history of science. This book examines the transition from Renaissance engineering and philosophy of nature to classical mechanics oriented on the central concept of velocity. Descartes, Galileo, and other protagonists of what the authors call "preclassical mechanics" struggled with fundamental concepts and contributed crucial insights to classical mechanics, but it is not clear that they actually realized these insights themselves. This book argues that the emergence of classical mechanics was neither a cumulative change nor an abrupt revolution, but rather that the transformation was the result of exploring the limits and exhausting the possibilities of the existing, largely Aristotelian conceptual system.In the dozen years that have passed since the appearance of the first edition, significant research has been done on Descartes and Galileo and the origins of modern science. There have also been important advances in the accessibility of sources and in technology for analyzing them.For this new edition, the authors take account of the most important new results. They include a new discussion of the doctrine of proportions, an analysis of the role of traditional statics in the construction of Descartes' impact rules, and go deeper into the debate between Descartes and Hobbes on the explanation of refraction. They also provide significant new material on the early development of Galileo's work on mechanics and the law of fall. All translations have been reviewed and revised for consistency of terminology and several new documents have been added. The bibliography has been updated to take account of new literature.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2004
1 602 kr
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The book is the first English translation of John Wallis's Arithmetica Infinitorum (1656), a key text on the seventeenth-century development of the calculus. Accompanied with annotations and an introductory essay, the translation makes Wallis's work fully available for the first time to modern readers. It shows how Wallis drew on some of the most important new ideas from the preceding twenty years, and took them forward to lay the foundations on which Newton was to build. Above all, the book displays the crucial mid-seventeenth-century shift from geometry to arithmetic and algebra as the primary language of mathematics.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2005
1 602 kr
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This book deals with the development of the terms of analysis in the 18th and 19th centuries, the two main concepts being negative numbers and infinitisimals. Schubring studies often overlooked texts, in particular German and French textbooks, and reveals a much richer history than previously thought while throwing new light on major figures, such as Cauchy.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2006
3 621 kr
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Key Issues ver since the late 1970s when Pia Holdt, a student of mine at the time, and Jed Buchwald, a colleague normally working in another field, made E me aware of how fascinating the history of perspective constructions is, I have wanted to know more.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2007
2 453 kr
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The sub-collection of mathematical cuneiform texts in the Schøyen Collection makes a substantial addition to the known corpus of such texts. It contains 121 texts, not counting 151 multiplication tables and 53 small weight stones. According to the catalog at the end of the Index of Subjects below, where those 121 mathematical texts are ordered by content, nearly all known kinds, and some new kinds, of mathematical cun- form texts are represented in the collection. Therefore it has been possible to organize the present work as a broad general account of Mesopotamian mathematics, illustrated mainly by texts from the Schøyen Collection, but occasionally also by previously published texts. The general disposition of the book is borrowed from my own concise but comprehensive survey of Mesopotamian mathematics in the article on “Mathematics” in Reallexikon der Assyriologie, vol. 7 (1990). My ambition has been to make the account easily accessible to all kinds of readers, yet still as detailed and exhaustive as possible. For that purpose, there is, for instance, an introductory Chapter 0 on “how to get a b- ter understanding of mathematical cuneiform texts”. The chapter begins with a discussion of the danger of unintentional anachronisms in translations of pre-Greek mathematical texts, and continues with a presentation of the kind of “conform” transliterations, translations, and interpretations, true to the original, that will be used throughout the book in discussions of individual texts.
Häftad, Engelska, 2003
931 kr
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Introduces Arabic numerals and methods in Europe. This title is of interest to historians of science, mathematicians and mathematics teachers interested in the origins of their methods.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2006
1 070 kr
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This is a history of parametric statistical inference, written by one of the most important historians of statistics of the 20th century, Anders Hald. This book can be viewed as a follow-up to his two most recent books, although this current text is much more streamlined and contains new analysis of many ideas and developments. And unlike his other books, which were encyclopedic by nature, this book can be used for a course on the topic, the only prerequisites being a basic course in probability and statistics.The book is divided into five main sections:* Binomial statistical inference;* Statistical inference by inverse probability;* The central limit theorem and linear minimum variance estimation by Laplace and Gauss;* Error theory, skew distributions, correlation, sampling distributions;* The Fisherian Revolution, 1912-1935.Throughout each of the chapters, the author provides lively biographical sketches of many of the main characters, including Laplace, Gauss, Edgeworth, Fisher, and Karl Pearson. He also examines the roles played by DeMoivre, James Bernoulli, and Lagrange, and he provides an accessible exposition of the work of R.A. Fisher.This book will be of interest to statisticians, mathematicians, undergraduate and graduate students, and historians of science.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2007
1 070 kr
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The Artis analyticae praxis was published in 1631 in Latin. Until relatively - cently, an English edition would not have been considered necessary since most of the people who might have been expected to be interested in the text would have been able to read it in Latin. That is no longer the case and it is ?tting that an English edition should be published. It is also the case that a considerable proportion of the readership of the present volume will not be professional mathematicians, so we have tried to produce a translation that makes the mathematical content accessible to the modern reader. This is not because the algebra is intrinsically dif?cult but because it is not the kind of mathematics which is a part of today’s secondary school curriculum. A further problem lies in the fact that the book in the form in which it was - blished in 1631 may very well not conform to Harriot’s intentions for the publi- tion of his mathematical manuscript papers. This is why the book is accompanied by a Commentary which attempts to compare it with the appropriate passages in the surviving manuscript papers. The present work is a translation of the original text and not intended as a facsimile. The original has well over 300 errors (there may very well be more) and we have listed these at the end. In the interests of mathematical accessibility we have tried to produce a mathematically “clean” copy.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2007
1 496 kr
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Leonardo da Pisa, perhaps better known as Fibonacci (ca. 1170 – ca. 1240), selected the most useful parts of Greco-Arabic geometry for the book known as De practica geometrie. Beginning with the definitions and constructions found early on in Euclid’s Elements, Fibonacci instructed his reader how to compute with Pisan units of measure, find square and cube roots, determine dimensions of both rectilinear and curved surfaces and solids, work with tables for indirect measurement, and perhaps finally fire the imagination of builders with analyses of pentagons and decagons. His work exceeded what readers would expect for the topic. Practical Geometry is the name of the craft for medieval landmeasurers, otherwise known as surveyors in modern times. Fibonacci wrote De practica geometrie for these artisans, a fitting complement to Liber abbaci. He had been at work on the geometry project for some time when a friend encouraged him to complete the task, which he did, going beyond the merely practical, as he remarked, “Some parts are presented according to geometric demonstrations, other parts in dimensions after a lay fashion, with which they wish to engage according to the more common practice.”This translation offers a reconstruction of De practica geometrie as the author judges Fibonacci wrote it. In order to appreciate what Fibonacci created, the author considers his command of Arabic, his schooling, and the resources available to him. To these are added the authors own views on translation and remarks about prior Italian translations. A bibliography of primary and secondary resources follows the translation, completed by an index of names and special words.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2007
1 070 kr
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The theory of series in the 17th and 18th centuries poses several interesting problems to historians. Indeed, mathematicians of the time derived num- ous results that range from the binomial theorem to the Taylor formula, from the power series expansions of elementary functions to trigonometric series, from Stirling’s series to series solution of di?erential equations, from theEuler–MaclaurinsummationformulatotheLagrangeinversiontheorem, from Laplace’s theory of generating functions to the calculus of operations, etc. Most of these results were, however, derived using methods that would be found unacceptable today, thus, if we look back to the theory of series priortoCauchywithoutreconstructinginternalmotivationsandtheconc- tual background, it appears as a corpus of manipulative techniques lacking in rigor whose results seem to be the puzzling fruit of the mind of a - gician or diviner rather than the penetrating and complex work of great mathematicians. For this reason, in this monograph, not only do I describe the entire complex of 17th- and 18th-century procedures and results concerning series, but also I reconstruct the implicit and explicit principles upon which they are based, draw attention to the underlying philosophy, highlight competing approaches, and investigate the mathematical context where the series t- ory originated. My aim is to improve the understanding of the framework of 17th- and 18th-century mathematics and avoid trivializing the complexity of historical development by bringing it into line with modern concepts and views and by tacitly assuming that certain results belong, in some unpr- lematic sense, to a uni?ed theory that has come down to us today.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2008
2 134 kr
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This volume presents a selection of 434 letters from and to the Dutch physicist and Nobel Prize winner Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853–1928), covering the period from 1883 until a few months before his death in February 1928. The sheer size of the available correspondence (approximately 6000 letters from and to Lorentz) preclude a full publication. The letters included in this volume have been selected according to various criteria, the most important of which is scientific importance. A second criterion has been the availability of letters both from and to Lorentz, so that the reader can follow the exchange between Lorentz and his correspondent. Within such correspondences a few unimportant items, dealing with routine administrative or organizational matters, have been omitted. An exception to the scientific criterion is the exchange of letters between Lorentz and Albert Einstein, Max Planck, Woldemar Voigt, and Wilhelm Wien during World War I: these letters have been included because they shed important light on the disruption of the scientific relations during the war and on the political views of these correspondents as well as of Lorentz. similar reasons the letters exchanged with Einstein and Planck on post-war political issues have been included. Biographical sketch Hendrik Antoon Lorentz was born on July 18, 1853 in the Dutch town of Arnhem. He was the son of a relatively well-to-do owner of a nursery.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2008
1 070 kr
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China’s most sophisticated system of computational astronomy was created for a Mongol emperor who could neither read nor write Chinese, to celebrate victory over China after forty years of devastating war. This book explains how and why, and reconstructs the observatory and the science that made it possible.For two thousand years, a fundamental ritual of government was the emperor’s “granting the seasons” to his people at the New Year by issuing an almanac containing an accurate lunisolar calendar. The high point of this tradition was the “Season-granting system” (Shou-shih li, 1280). Its treatise records detailed instructions for computing eclipses of the sun and moon and motions of the planets, based on a rich archive of observations, some ancient and some new.Sivin, the West’s leading scholar of the Chinese sciences, not only recreates the project’s cultural, political, bureaucratic, and personal dimensions, but translates the extensive treatise and explains every procedure in minimally technical language. The book contains many tables, illustrations, and aids to reference. It is clearly written for anyone who wants to understand the fundamental role of science in Chinese history. There is no comparable study of state science in any other early civilization.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2010
1 708 kr
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The Almagest, by the Greek astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy, is the most important surviving treatise on early mathematical astronomy, offering historians valuable insight into the astronomy and mathematics of the ancient world.Pedersen's 1974 publication, A Survey of the Almagest, is the most recent in a long tradition of companions to the Almagest. Part paraphrase and part commentary, Pedersen's work has earned the universal praise of historians and serves as the definitive introductory text for students interested in studying the Almagest.In this revised edition, Alexander Jones, a distinguished authority on the history of early astronomy, provides supplementary information and commentary to the original text to account for scholarship that has appeared since 1974. This revision also incorporates various corrections to Pedersen's original text that have been identified since its publication.This volume is intended to provide students of the history of astronomy with a self-contained introduction to the Almagest, helping them to understand and appreciate Ptolemy's great and classical work.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2010
1 815 kr
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This study discusses the history of the central limit theorem and related probabilistic limit theorems from about 1810 through 1950.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2010
911 kr
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In 1915 and 1916 Emmy Noether was asked by Felix Klein and David Hilbert to assist them in understanding issues involved in any attempt to formulate a general theory of relativity, in particular the new ideas of Einstein. She was consulted particularly over the difficult issue of the form a law of conservation of energy could take in the new theory, and she succeeded brilliantly, finding two deep theorems.But between 1916 and 1950, the theorem was poorly understood and Noether's name disappeared almost entirely. People like Klein and Einstein did little more then mention her name in the various popular or historical accounts they wrote. Worse, earlier attempts which had been eclipsed by Noether's achievements were remembered, and sometimes figure in quick historical accounts of the time. This book carries a translation of Noether's original paper into English, and then describes the strange history of its reception and the responses to her work. Ultimately the theorems became decisive in a shift from basing fundamental physics on conservations laws to basing it on symmetries, or at the very least, in thoroughly explaining the connection between these two families of ideas. The real significance of this book is that it shows very clearly how long it took before mathematicians and physicists began to recognize the seminal importance of Noether's results. This book is thoroughly researched and provides careful documentation of the textbook literature. Kosmann-Schwarzbach has thus thrown considerable light on this slow dance in which the mathematical tools necessary to study symmetry properties and conservation laws were apparently provided long before the orchestra arrives and the party begins.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2002
1 869 kr
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In the 1920s it was recognized, largely as a result of work by Otto Neugebauer and his colleagues that Babylonian cuneiform texts included many mathematical texts. These were chiefly concerned with metrology and computation, but some also appeared to deal with algebra. But then, what could have been the reasons that induced the Babylonians to work on, for example, second-degree equations? In this new examination of the texts, Jens Hoyrup proposes a different interpretation, based on the fact that the tablets are almost entirely students' workbooks. The knowledge of mathematics expressed in these tablets is entirely "practical," for use in surveying, accounting, and building, rather than theoretical. Hoyrup argues that the notion of algebraic manipulation, like other parts of a theoretical mathematics is indeed a later invention. Craftsmen, he argues, prefer to know how to solve a problem, rather than why the answer will be true, and it is only the latter attitude that characterizes mathematics; the former is, perhaps, more akin to modern engineering. The book provides a detailed reading of many tablets and a careful examination of the context in which they were produced.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2002
1 260 kr
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First published in 1202, Fibonacci's "Liber Abaci" was one of the most important books on mathematics in the Middle Ages, introducing Arabic numerals and methods into Europe. This first translation into a modern language is for historians of science, all mathematicians and mathematics teachers.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2000
1 231 kr
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This book is an English translation of the first textbook on Analytic Geometry, written in Latin by the Dutch statesman and mathematician Jan de Witt soon after Descartes invented the subject. De Witt (1625-1672) is best known for his work in actuarial mathematics ("Calculation of the Values of Annuities as Proportions of the Rents") and for his contributions to analytic geometry, including the focus-directrix definition of conics and the use of the discriminant to distinguish among them. In addition to the translation and annotations, this volume contains an introduction and commentary, including a discussion of the role of conics in Greek mathematics.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1999
1 602 kr
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This a history of the use of Bayes' theorem over 150 years, from its discovery by Thomas Bayes to the rise of the statistical competitors in the first third of the twentieth century. In the new edition, the author's concern is the foundations of statistics, in particular, the examination of the development of one of the fundamental aspects of Bayesian statistics. The reader will find new sections on contributors to the theory omitted from the first edition, which will shed light on the use of inverse probability by nineteenth century authors. In addition, there is amplified discussion of relevant work from the first edition. This text will be a valuable reference source in the wider field of the history of statistics and probability.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2000
1 921 kr
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Written by the recipient of the 1997 MAA Chauvenet Prize for mathematical exposition, this book tells how the theory of Lie groups emerged from a fascinating cross fertilization of many strains of 19th and early 20th century geometry, analysis, mathematical physics, algebra and topology. The reader will meet a host of mathematicians from the period and become acquainted with the major mathematical schools. The first part describes the geometrical and analytical considerations that initiated the theory at the hands of the Norwegian mathematician, Sophus Lie. The main figure in the second part is Weierstrass' student Wilhelm Killing, whose interest in the foundations of non-Euclidean geometry led to his discovery of almost all the central concepts and theorems on the structure and classification of semisimple Lie algebras. The scene then shifts to the Paris mathematical community and Elie Cartan's work on the representation of Lie algebras. The final part describes the influential, unifying contributions of Hermann Weyl and their context: Hilbert's Gottingen, general relativity and the Frobenius-Schur theory of characters.The book is written with the conviction that mathematical understanding is deepened by familiarity with underlying motivations and the less formal, more intuitive manner of original conception. The human side of the story is evoked through extensive use of correspondence between mathematicians. The book should prove enlightening to a broad range of readers, including prospective students of Lie theory, mathematicians, physicists and historians and philosophers of science.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2011
1 070 kr
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Tantrasangraha, composed by the renowned Kerala astronomer Nīlakantha Somayājī (c.1444-1545 AD) ranks along with Āryabhatīya of Āryabhata and Siddhāntaśiromani of Bhāskarācārya as one of the major works which significantly influenced further work on astronomy in India. One of the distinguishing features is the introduction of a major revision of the traditional Indian planetary model. Nīlakantha arrived at a unified theory of planetary latitudes and a better formulation of the equation of centre for the interior planets (Mercury and Venus) than was previously available.In preparing the translation and explanatory notes, K. Ramasubramanian and M. S. Sriram have used authentic Sanskrit editions of Tantrasangraha by Surand Kunjan Pillai and K V Sarma. All verses have been translated into English, which have been supplemented with detailed explanations including all necessary mathematical relations, illustrative examples, figures and tables using modern mathematical notation.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2010
539 kr
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- Following on from the 2000 edition of Jan De Witt’s Elementa Curvarum Linearum, Liber Primus, this book provides the accompanying translation of the second volume of Elementa Curvarum Linearum (Foundations of Curved Lines). One of the first books to be published on Analytic Geometry, it was originally written in Latin by the Dutch statesman and mathematician Jan de Witt, soon after Descartes’ invention of the subject. - Born in 1625, Jan de Witt served with distinction as Grand Pensionary of Holland for much of his adult life. In mathematics, he is best known for his work in actuarial mathematics as well as extensive contributions to analytic geometry.- Elementa Curvarum Linearum, Liber Secondus moves forward from the construction of the familiar conic sections covered in the Liber Primus, with a discussion of problems connected with their classification; given an equation, it covers how one can recover the standard form, and additionally how one can find the equation's geometric properties. - This volume, begun by Albert Grootendorst (1924-2004) and completed after his death by Jan Aarts, Reinie Erné and Miente Bakker, is supplemented by:- annotation explaining finer points of the translation;- extensive commentary on the mathematicsThese features make the work of Jan de Witt broadly accessible to today’s mathematicians.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2011
1 136 kr
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L.E.J. Brouwer (1881-1966) is best known for his revolutionary ideas on topology and foundations of mathematics (intuitionism). The present collection contains a mixture of letters; university and faculty correspondence has been included, some of which shed light on the student years, and in particular on the exchange of letters with his PhD adviser, Korteweg. Acting as the natural sequel to the publication of Brouwer’s biography, this book provides instrumental reading for those wishing to gain a deeper understanding of Brouwer and his role in the twentieth century. Striking a good balance of biographical and scientific information, the latter deals with innovations in topology (Cantor-Schoenflies style and the new topology) and foundations. The topological period in his research is well represented in correspondence with Hilbert, Schoenflies, Poincaré, Blumenthal, Lebesgue, Baire, Koebe, and foundational topics are discussed in letters exchanged with Weyl, Fraenkel, Heyting, van Dantzig and others. There is also a large part of correspondence on matters related to the interbellum scientific politics. This book will appeal to both graduate students and researchers with an interest in topology, the history of mathematics, the foundations of mathematics, philosophy and general science.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2009
1 921 kr
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In 1821, Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789-1857) published a textbook, the Cours d’analyse, to accompany his course in analysis at the Ecole Polytechnique. It is one of the most influential mathematics books ever written. Not only did Cauchy provide a workable definition of limits and a means to make them the basis of a rigorous theory of calculus, but he also revitalized the idea that all mathematics could be set on such rigorous foundations. Today, the quality of a work of mathematics is judged in part on the quality of its rigor, and this standard is largely due to the transformation brought about by Cauchy and the Cours d’analyse.For this translation, the authors have also added commentary, notes, references, and an index.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2009
1 070 kr
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In the 18th century, purely scientific interests as well as the practical necessities of navigation motivated the development of new theories and techniques to accurately describe celestial and lunar motion. "Between Theory and Observations" presents a detailed and accurate account, not to be found elsewhere in the literature, of Tobias Mayer's important contributions to the study of lunar motion-including the creation of his famous set of lunar tables, which were the most accurate of their time.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
1 602 kr
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I ?nd it impossible to write a preface to this work, without discovering a little of the enthusiasm which I have contracted from an attention to it. Joseph Priestley. The History and Present State of Electricity. It is generally considered bad form in writing, unless on matters autob- graphic,tomakeunbridleduseoftheperpendicularpronoun. Thereaderof the present book, however, may well wonder why one would want to study 1 the life and works of Thomas Bayes, ‘this strangely neglected topic’ , and it is only by a reluctant use of the ?rst person singular on the part of the author that this legitimate question can be answered. It was in the late 1960s that my interest in various aspects of subjective probability was awakened by some of the papers of I. J. (‘Jack’) Good, and this was followed by the reading of works such as Harold Je?reys’s Theory of Probability. In many of these the (apparently simple) result known as Bayes’s Theorem played a pivotal rˆ ole, and it struck me that it might be interesting to ?nd out a bit more about Thomas Bayes himself. In trying to satisfy this curiosity in spasmodic periods over many years I discovered that little information seemed to be available. Writings by John D.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
1 496 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The question of when and how the basic concepts that characterize modern science arose in Western Europe has long been central to the history of science. This book examines the transition from Renaissance engineering and philosophy of nature to classical mechanics oriented on the central concept of velocity. For this new edition, the authors include a new discussion of the doctrine of proportions, an analysis of the role of traditional statics in the construction of Descartes' impact rules, and go deeper into the debate between Descartes and Hobbes on the explanation of refraction. They also provide significant new material on the early development of Galileo's work on mechanics and the law of fall.
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
1 602 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The book is the first English translation of John Wallis's Arithmetica Infinitorum (1656), a key text on the seventeenth-century development of the calculus. Accompanied with annotations and an introductory essay, the translation makes Wallis's work fully available for the first time to modern readers. It shows how Wallis drew on some of the most important new ideas from the preceding twenty years, and took them forward to lay the foundations on which Newton was to build. Above all, the book displays the crucial mid-seventeenth-century shift from geometry to arithmetic and algebra as the primary language of mathematics.
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
1 602 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book deals with the development of the terms of analysis in the 18th and 19th centuries, the two main concepts being negative numbers and infinitesimals. Schubring studies often overlooked texts, in particular German and French textbooks, and reveals a much richer history than previously thought while throwing new light on major figures, such as Cauchy.