Special Publications – serie

The term magnetic resonance covers a wide range of techniques, spectroscopy, relaxation and imaging. In turn, these areas are evolving and leading to various new applications of NMR and ESR in food science and nutrition. This book is part of the continuing series of proceedings of the biennial conferences on applications of magnetic resonance to food science. As always, the aim of the book is to bring the reader up-to-date with the state-of-the-art of the subject. The speakers came from Europe, North and South America, Asia and Australasia giving a global perspective to the event. The range of the conference was broad covering sensory science, authenticity, functionality, solid state methods and new methods. Magnetic Resonance in Food Science is a global survey written by leading authorities. It provides readers with an awareness of current activity in the field and potential applications.

Heritage Science is emerging as a discipline that brings together chemists, physicists, microbiologists, conservation scientists, archaeologists and conservators. Its scope, precise boundaries and the interfaces between its component disciplines may be in a state of flux but, above all, its interdisciplinary nature offers understanding of the causes, control and protection of heritage from ever-present environmental challenges. In particular, the activities of microbes play a central part in shaping the natural world of our planet but this awesome power constitutes a serious threat to the integrity of our most precious art, heritage artefacts, monuments and cultural treasures. Heritage artefacts that have been recovered from water, or that exist near the sea in maritime conditions, pose special conservation problems due in main to the combined effect of microbial activities and physical/chemical assaults that the environment can offer. This book is a result of the invited and updated papers from HMS2005: Microbes, Monuments and Maritime Materials and forms a comprehensive volume that addresses key topical areas of heritage science and discusses the threats to a wide range of heritage materials and monuments by biological and chemical agents of decay. Key features of the book include: "Up-to-date summaries on the conservation of internationally-important artefacts and monuments "Clear outline of molecular techniques to identify microbes in environmental heritage samples "Wide range of case studies covering wood, stone, cave and cave paintings "Contributions presented as fully referenced research publications giving useful technical details and identification of areas for future study "Informs conservators about the threats from microbes to a range of materials "Extensive range of case studies of important world heritage artefacts and monuments as well as an overview of in situ preservation of historic ships "Provides background knowledge on the use and application of modern analytical techniques in conservation "Contains detailed information on molecular and synchrotron techniques to assist with identifying biological and chemical threats to heritage artefacts and monuments The book also provides up-to-date information on subjects covering the component field of heritage microbiology, molecular and chemical analytical techniques, and the mechanisms of degradation and deterioration of historic ships and buildings. The book details state-of-the-art techniques for the study of large and small heritage objects, and their conservation. Techniques cover the use of GIS image processing, molecular biological analysis of environmental samples including FISH, electrophoresis to remove corrosive ions and synchrotron radiation to detect chemicals present in artefacts. Several authors have developed their methods through involvement in international collaborative projects such as BIOBRUSH, BACPOLES and Save the Vasa. Extensive emphasis is placed on case studies and there is a valuable section on historic ships covering the preservation of HMS Victory, ss Great Britain, Vasa and the Mary Rose. This book provides an indispensable guide and reference source for those working in all areas of historical conservation, biodeterioration, microbiology and materials science.

In the current international situation, the ability to deal effectively with water contamination emergencies is of rapidly increasing importance. The third in a series of conference proceedings, this book brings together contributions from leading scientists and experts in industry and academia. It offers an international perspective and develops the themes of the previous volumes entitled Water Contamination Emergencies: Can we cope? and Water Contamination Emergencies: Enhancing our response. The full range of potential chemical, microbiological and radiological contamination scenarios are addressed from the perspective of medical and health professionals, water companies and regulators, environmental protection professionals, risk and business continuity managers, emergency planners, local authorities, service and support providers, detection and equipment suppliers, disaster recovery specialists, water security experts, water distribution modellers and laboratories involved in round the clock emergency response. Emphasis is placed on the considerable effort required to prepare for and respond to an emergency. It is not sufficient for Individuals to simply identify their own responsibilities, they must also take action to establish effective and efficient working relationships with the other parties involved. In other words, they must take "Collective Responsibility". In summary, this book will provide readers with an up-to-date view of current strategies and the collaboration essential for an appropriate and timely response to water contamination emergencies.

Environmental Radiochemical Analysis III is an authoritative, up to date review of research contributions presented at the 10th International Symposium on Environmental Radiochemical Analysis. Representing the work of leading scientists across the globe this edition provides information on:- new methods of radioanalyses- waste steams during decommissioning- radioactivity measurements in the environment- hazard assessment in decommissioning- improvements in measurement instrumentation- application of software to measurements- current IAEA activities for the ALMERA network- pro ciency testing and research and development in the NDA. This exceptional work o ers an insight into topical areas of research and is a key point of reference for graduates and professionals alike who work across elds involving analytical chemistry, environmental science and technology, and hazards and waste research and disposal.

During the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century chemical societies were established all over Europe. The book focuses on this process and further development of the European chemical societies before World War I and in exceptional cases up to 1930. It comprises chapters based on a common set of questions and an extensive concluding chapter that provides a comparative analysis of the early development of the European chemical societies. The book offers unique historical material showing the social, intellectual and political circumstances in which the chemical societies were constituted and function, their relations to universities and chemical industries, everyday lives, international contacts, etc. The analysis of data explores how networks in chemistry and professional autonomy were constituted, and investigates the process of demarcation that inevitably takes place when a social institution of a scientific discipline is formed. The reader gets answer to the important question of what chemistry was and was not in the latter half of nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century. Various aspects of creating scientific societies have been of much interest to historians of science in recent years. Nevertheless, histories of scientific societies are mostly occasional publications written to celebrate their jubilees. This volume represents a first international comparative analysis on the beginnings of chemical societies in Europe based on a detailed historical research done by a group of renowned historians of chemistry from several countries. As such it is an entirely new contribution to the history of chemistry in Europe and European scientific societies in general and a unique source for chemists and historians. Its ambition is to become a reference work in history of chemistry, set the standard for similar studies in other disciplines, and serve European chemical societies to provide a context for their complex histories and relationships. The book can be read by miscellaneous audiences and various types of readers with diverse intentions who will benefit differently from it: -A member of a national chemical society will find there narrative on his "own" society's establishment and early history and the opportunity to compare it with societies from other countries -Historically interested chemists will find in the book details as well as wider perspectives on the institutional history of their discipline - Historians of chemistry will get a thoroughly documented and scholarly book on the early history of chemical societies in Europe, written by acknowledged colleagues. The individual chapters will offer additional literature and sources for their research into history of chemistry. -Historians of science will get material for comparative studies on scientific institutions on the roles of learned societies on national and international level. They can be inspired to create similar studies related to other scientific disciplines. The underlying common set of guidelines can provide methodological assistance. -Teachers of history of chemistry and history of science will find in the book additional reading material and literature. -Social and general historians will be given a well-edited and reliable source on a number of social institutions that played versatile roles in local/national settings. The establishment of chemical societies can be compared with other kinds of learned, professional, and amateur societies in the same period. They also will get data and information about some aspects of the scientific boom in the second half of the nineteenth century and pre-WW1 period.

The Special Publications Series is a collection of books produced from the proceedings of international symposia. Editors bring together contributions from authorities in the field and the books provide snapshots of the latest developments of that field.

The science and technology of hydrocolloids used in food and related systems has seen many new developments and advances over recent years. This book presents the latest research from leading experts in the field. Some of the topics covered within this book include biochemical characterisation, the use of antibodies, immunostaining and enzyme hydrolysis, chemical and physicochemical characterization, engineering food microstructure, the role of biopolymers in the formation of emulsions and foams, hydrocolloids and health aspects. This book will be a useful reference for researchers and other professionals in industry and academia, particularly those involved directly with food science.

This book provides a snapshot of the current state-of-the-art of the understanding of the fundamentals of ICPMS, instrumental development, methods development, spectral interpretation and applications. It covers a diverse range of topics including: bioanalytical applications (immunoassay, state of phosphorylation, metallo-drugs); environmental applications (drinking water, groundwater, seawater, speciation); reaction cells and collision cells (theory and applications); archaeology; laser ablation; isotope ratio analysis; and the performance, characterization and applications of multicollector instruments. Written by international contributors who emphasize their current perceptions and understanding of the subject, Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry: Applications and Emerging Technologies offers a current perspective on elemental analysis by plasma source mass spectrometry that is not to be found elsewhere. Researchers and professionals in many areas will welcome this book, particularly those in the fields of bioanalytical, environmental and geological chemistry.

Although catalysts are responsible for the manufacture and processing of a number of products in daily use, the subject of catalysis is still very much in its infancy, and the complexity of the processes still present major challenges. Catalysis in Application presents a snapshot of the most up-to-date developments in the field of applied catalysis. Coverage is principally in the areas of hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, chiral catalysis, environmental catalysis and catalyst deactivation, combining a unique mix of chemistry and chemical engineering. With its wide-ranging coverage, this book will be a welcome addition to the shelves of every practitioner in catalysis, both in industry and academia.

Additives in Water-borne Coatings covers both current technology and the future prognosis for the key additives used in water-borne coatings today. It brings together international experts to provide a comprehensive, practical overview of the field, its direction, and selection of key additives currently employed for in-depth treatment of their use, behaviour and scope by expert practitioners in those additives.

Environmental Radiochemical Analysis II brings together comprehensive, up-to-date information from international experts in the field. Coverage includes information on new methods of radionuclide analyses, developments and improvements in existing methods, method comparisons, gamma detector performance and new software products, method uncertainty, underground laboratory facilities, method QA and QC, field studies covering colloid work, in-situ injection into rock strata and sampling of reduced waters for actinide assay. This stimulating, authoritative text makes essential reading for practising radioanalysts and provides valuable information for researchers and professionals in academia and industry.

Contamination of water supplies, whether by chemical, biological or radioactive agents, requires a rapid and effective response in order to reduce or avoid impact on the environment or consumers. Using seven major incident case studies (including the Milwaukee Cryptosporidium incident, Chernobyl and the UK Foot and Mouth outbreak), Water Contamination Emergencies: Can We Cope? looks at the complete handling of emergency incidents relating to water contamination emergencies. With contributions from experts involved in real life international incidents, the book also looks at: monitoring requirements; trying to prove the absence of contamination; novel approaches to screening analysis; health risks; the importance of efficient communication; the perception of the public; and the international height of alert situation with respect to potential terrorist acts. Anyone involved in water contamination emergencies, whether researchers and professionals in the water or health industries, or government agencies, should welcome this title as a review of lessons learnt in the past and as an identification of ways in which to improve response in the future.

This book brings together recent, international contributions to the study of gluten proteins from leading experts in the field. Gluten proteins have gained greater importance due not only to their fundamental role in determining technological quality of wheat end products, but also to the apparently increased number of people showing different degrees of gluten intolerance or allergy. Along with classical subjects such as gluten genetics, quality and rheology, The Gluten Proteins covers new tools and research fields, including the use of proteomics and genomics. Furthermore, information dedicated to intolerances and allergies is included and opens the possibility to widen future research opportunities, promoting cooperation between wheat breeders, medical researchers and gluten chemists and geneticists. The Gluten Proteins provides an authoritative source of information for researchers, professionals and postgraduate students wishing to increase their knowledge of the molecular bases of gluten functionality and nutritional role, as well as touching on possible future research opportunities.

The Eighth International Conference on Miniaturized Systems in Chemistry and Life Science - MicroTas 2004 - is an annual meeting focusing on the research, development and application of miniaturized technologies and methodologies in chemistry and life science. The conference is celebrating its tenth anniversary after the first workshop at the University of Twente, The Netherlands in 1994. This research field is rapidly developing and changing towards a domain where core competence areas such as microfluidics, micro- and nanotechnology, materials science, chemistry, biology, and medicine are melting together to a truly interdisciplinary meeting place. This volume is the first in a two volume set, a valuable reference collection to all working in this field.

The scope of applications of magnetic resonance to food science continues to expand. Recently, the focus has turned to the way in which the interpretation and quantification of magnetic resonance data of complex food systems increasingly requires the application of multivariate data analytical protocols. This book provides an up-to-date, global perspective of the latest developments in the field, including methods of studying metabolic processes both in vivo and in vitro, functional MRI and the sensory perception of food. Content is divided into five sections: sensory science; aroma and flavour; authenticity and quantification of food; functionality, structure and ingredients; applications of solid-state methods; and new NMR methods and instrumentation. Magnetic Resonance in Food Science: The Multivariate Challenge is ideal for graduates and researchers as well as for academics and professionals in the field.

The rapidly evolving field of food flavor chemistry holds an important role in a wide variety of food and beverage products.Food Flavor and Chemistry: Explorations into the 21st Century provides the reader with an update on the advances in food chemistry and flavor science with a broad spectrum of food products from both plants and animals.Topics covered also include:Dairy products and wine flavorsFormation of flavorsTenderization of meatMigration of chemicals in food packagingAntioxidants and healthQuality controlThe biotechnical generation of aromas is addressed in depth and new technical information on sensory evaluation and on analytical techniques are covered. Theories of quality development based on scientific research are presented as well as research that will lead to enhanced food quality.Food Flavor and Chemistry: Explorations into the 21st Century will be of interest to a broad spectrum of workers advancing flavor chemistry, food product research and development as well as those in the quality control area.

Atomic spectrometry has exciting new bio-analytical horizons open to it, principally through the developments in the capabilities of ICP-MS coupled with the inventiveness of experimentalists. This is reflected in the use of the technique for ion-, capillary electrophoresis-, liquid- and gas-chromatographic separation in biological applications, as reported in this book. Traditional (environmental, semiconductor, geological and clinical) applications are also well represented. In addition, recent and future developments in sample introduction devices, multicollector sector, reaction cells and collision cells instruments, as well as co-existence, divergence and potential convergence of atomic and biomolecular mass spectrometries are discussed. Reflecting the current state of practical ICP-MS and drawing together the latest developments in the field, Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry: Current Trends and Future Developments is ideal for university researchers and laboratory practitioners. It will be of interest to all those involved in the development and application of this technique.

Computational and theoretical tools for understanding biological processes at the molecular level is an exciting and innovative area of science. Using these methods to study the structure, dynamics and reactivity of biomacromolecules in solution, computational chemistry is becoming an essential tool, complementing the more traditional methods for structure and reactivity determination. Modelling Molecular Structure and Reactivity in Biological Systems covers three main areas in computational chemistry; structure (conformational and electronic), reactivity and design. Initial sections focus on the link between computational and spectroscopic methods in the investigation of electronic structure. The use of Free Energy calculations for the elucidation of reaction mechanisms in enzymatic systems is also discussed. Subsequent sections focus on drug design and the use of database methods to determine ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) properties. This book provides a complete reference on state of the art computational chemistry practised on biological systems. It is ideal for researchers in the field of computational chemistry interested in its application to biological systems.

The science and technology of hydrocolloids used in food and related systems has seen many new developments and advances over recent years. Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry 13 presents the latest research from leading experts in the field including: * Biochemical characterisation, the use of antibodies, immunostaining and enzyme hydrolysis * Chemical and physicochemical characterisation, including rheological investigation and AFM studies * Engineering food microstructure including exploiting association and phase separation in mixed polymer systems and interaction with particles * The role of biopolymers in the formation of emulsions and foams * Influence of hydrocolloids on organoleptic properties * The application of hydrocolloids in foods and beverages * Health aspects This book will be a useful information source for researchers and other professionals in industry and academia, particularly those involved directly with food science.

Food macromolecules play a crucial role in the formulation of a wide range of food products such as beverages, bread, cheese, dressings, desserts, ice-cream, and spreads. This book presents the very latest research in the area and is unique in covering both proteins and polysaccharides in the same volume. Specifically it describes recent experimental and theoretical macromolecules in solutions, suspensions, gels, glasses, emulsions and foams. Food Macromolecules and Colloids takes a fundamental approach to complex systems, providing an understanding of the physico-chemical role of macromolecular interactions in controlling the behaviour of real and model food colloids. It gives special attention to adsorbed protein layers, the stability of emulsions and foams, and the viscoelasticity and phase behaviour of mixed polysaccharide systems, as well as to the rheology and microstructure of biopolymer gels, and the interaction of proteins with lipids and aroma compounds. This attractive, typeset publication gives exceptionally broad international coverage of the subject and will make interesting reading for postgraduates, lecturers and researchers with interests in food science, surface and colloid science and polymer science.

There have been many developments in anaesthesia since Joseph Priestley discovered nitrous oxide. Covering new anaesthetics, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of anaesthesia and the non-hypnotic effects of anaesthetics and other medical gases, Gases in Medicine combines reviews of current research from both academic and clinical perspectives and provides an historical framework in which this research may be placed. Encompassing a wide range of topics including intravenous anaesthetics, neural processes and the 1997 Priestley Lecture on nitric oxide, this book offers an accessible summary of anaesthesia along with the current best research. Also included is the BOC Centenary Lecture, which gives a perspective on anaesthesia for the 21st century. This book will be welcomed by readers in academia and medicine as an illustration of the diversity of research into anaesthesia and the associated history of this fascinating subject.

Since Pasteur in 1846, scientists have been aware that many drugs are photoreactive, but until recently research in this area had been somewhat limited. However, since the introduction of acutely sensitive analytical methods, the realisation of the need to identify the photochemical properties of a potential drug as early in its development as possible and the increased attention to the phototoxic effect of drugs, more details are becoming available. Drugs: Photochemistry and Photostability presents the basic elements of the science, and serves as an excellent introduction to this emerging field of photochemistry. Detailed experimental conditions for photostability studies are given, along with a discussion of the recently implemented ICH Guidelines for drug photostability. With contributions from international experts in the field and including a comprehensive literature review, this book provides all the up-to-date information needed by researchers in many fields, especially medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry.

Traditionally, magnetic materials have been metals or, if inorganic compounds such as oxides, of continuous lattice type. However, in recent years chemists have synthesized increasing numbers of crystalline solids based on molecular building blocks in the form of coordination and organometallic complexes or purely organic molecules, which exhibit spontaneous magnetization. In striking contrast to conventional magnets, these materials are made from solutions close to room temperature rather than by metallurgical or ceramic methods. This book, which originates from contributions to a Discussion Meeting of The Royal Society of London, brings together many of the leading international practitioners in the field, who survey their own recent work and place it in the context of the wider fields of magnetism and supramolecular chemistry. All aspects of molecular-based magnets are addressed, including synthesis, structure-property relations and physical properties. Contents include details of the characterization of the first purely organic ferromagnet, the synthesis of high coercivity materials and a unique description of new materials with Curie temperatures well above ambient. A coherent survey of this rapidly developing field for the more general reader, Metal-Organic and Organic Molecular Magnets will also be welcomed by researchers and lecturers in materials science and inorganic or solid state chemistry.

Principles and Practices of Method Validation is an overview of the most recent approaches used for method validation in cases when a large number of analytes are determined from a single aliquot and where a large number of samples are to be analysed. Much of the content relates to the validation of new methods for pesticide residue analysis in foodstuffs and water but the principles can be applied to other similar fields of analysis. Different chromatographic methods are discussed, including estimation of various effects, eg. matrix-induced effects and the influence of the equipment set-up. The methods used for routine purposes and the validation of analytical data in the research and development environment are documented. The legislation covering the EU-Guidance on residue analytical methods, an extensive review of the existing in-house method validation documentation and guidelines for single-laboratory validation of analytical methods for trace-level concentrations of organic chemicals are also included. With contributions from experts in the field, any practising analyst dealing with method validation will find the examples presented in this book a useful source of technical information.

The chemical industry processes a high proportion of its products in powder form, thus making the efficient, effective and safe handling and processing of powders of prime importance. Powders and Solids: Developments in Handling and Processing Technologies brings the reader right up-to-date with both newly-introduced commercial practices and results of recent fundamental research on the behaviour of model powders. Case studies are also included. Commencing with an overview of developments in the health and safety aspects of handling powders, the book then goes on to look at the new technologies being applied to powders and powder handling, followed by aspects of measurement and control in powder handling. It will be essential reading for all industrial practitioners, particularly those in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as all engineers working either in industry or research on processes involving solid and powder handling.

Numerous applications for biocides have been found in fields as diverse as ethical pharmaceuticals and cat litter products. The aim of this book is two-fold: to provide a comprehensive guide to the use of biocides across a range of applications; and to aid in the selection of a biocide that is "fit for purpose". It covers a cross-section of traditional measures, novel ideas and innovative developments, as well as addressing the biocides market, the political outlook and future trends of biocide use. With contributions by acknowledged experts in the field, Industrial Biocides is a unique title that will be welcomed by many in industry, including industrial and water chemists, microbiologists, and plant and environment managers.

Pharmaceutical research draws on increasingly complex techniques to solve the challenges of drug design. Bringing together a number of the latest informatics techniques, this book looks at modelling and bioinformatic strategies; structural genomics and X-ray crystallography; virtual screening; lead optimisation; ADME profiling and vaccine design. A number of relevant case studies, focussing on techniques that have demonstrated their use, will concentrate on G-protein coupled receptors as potential disease targets. Providing details of state-of-the-art research, Drug Design: Cutting Edge Approaches will be invaluable to all drug discovery scientists, including medicinal and combinatorial chemists, molecular modellers, bio- and chemoinformaticians, and pharmacologists, amongst others. University and pharmaceutical company libraries will also benefit from having a copy on their shelves.

The chemistry of flavours and fragrances is of great interest to academics and industrialists alike. Bringing together international contributors, this book presents the most recent research in this key area. Diverse topics such as structure-activity relationships; analytical techniques; natural products and essential oils; and organic and bioorganic chemistry are discussed, along with flavours and foods. Advances in Flavours and Fragrances: From the Sensation to the Synthesis will be a welcome addition to the bookshelves of all practitioners with a common interest in this fascinating area.

This timely publication will be welcomed by those needing access to the latest research in the profitable field of industrial mineral process chemistry. It is an up-to-date account of the performance gains achievable in the use of speciality chemicals in industrial mineral processing and products, with each chapter presenting the new and potentially valuable technology for consideration. This book presents the most recent research in this key area and is unique in its coverage. Diverse topics such as dispersants, dewatering and flocculants, are discussed, along with selective processing and biocides. Speciality Chemicals in Mineral Processing is an essential purchase for speciality chemical producers and users, particularly those in the paper, plastic, polymer, paint, rubber, adhesive and ceramic industries.