NATO ASI Subseries F: – serie
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208 produkter
208 produkter
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This volume contains 56 contributions presented at the 1st International Symposium on Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins and Ageing, held on the Island of Ischia (Naples, Italy) from May 11 to 15, 1987, under the auspices of the University of Naples and the Italian Society of Biochemistry. The primary aim of this interdisciplinary meeting was to promote a productive exchange among scientists from different cultural areas, and to give them the opportunity to discuss problems of common interest approached from different scientific standpoints. Although a large number of studies has led to a definition of the chemical mechanisms and of the main enzymological aspects of the several post-translational modifications of proteins, we are still far away from a complete elucidation of the functional significance of such processes. As a matter of fact, it seems reasonable that the presently available experi mental approaches and models employed to investigate the biological roles are still inadequate. The search for suitable model systems was a matter of discussion during the meeting, and will be a major challenge in the future. The most frequently employed approaches to this problem thus far have been in vitro, but several proteins reported to be excellent in vitro substrates failed to show any activity when assayed in in vivo models.
2 189 kr
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This volume presents a set of papers based on theproceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop onMultisensor Fusion for Computer Vision, held in Grenoble,France, in June 1989. The workshop focused on the fusion orintegration of sensor information to achieve the optimuminterpretation of a scene. The papers cover a broad range oftopics, including principles and issues in multisensorfusion, information fusion for navigation, multisensorfusion for object recognition, network approaches tomultisensor fusion, computer architectures for multisensorfusion, and applications of multisensor fusion. The authors have documented their own research and, in sodoing,have presented the state of the art in the field. Each author is a recognized leader in his or her area in theacademic, governmental, or industrial research community. Several contributors present novel points of view on theintegration of information. The book gives a representativepicture of current progress in multisensor fusion forcomputer vision among the leading research groups in Europeand North America.
1 036 kr
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This text is about the design and use of advanced multimedia interfaces for learning. Each chapter is concerned with some aspect of the theory or practice of multimedia interfaces and their use as tools to facilitate human learning. The chapters treat the issue from a wide variety of perspectives, including human-computer interaction, interface design, artificial intelligence, intelligent tutoring systems, psychology, education and music. Three points distinguish the book: it is specifically about the use of multiple media in educational contexts; it addresses the use of multiple media within human-computer interaction, not merely the use of computers to facilitate multimedia presentations; and it addresses the problems from a variety of theoretical and practical perspectives, not simply in a technology-driven, pragmatic manner. The book is based on papers presented at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop help in September 1989 as part of the NATO Science Committee six-year Programme on Advanced Educational Technology.
Del 89 - NATO ASI Subseries F:
Mathematical Problem Solving and New Information Technologies
Research in Contexts of Practice
Inbunden, Engelska, 1992
2 189 kr
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This book discusses the implications of new informationtechnologies and cognitive psychology for mathematicalproblem solving research and practice. Based on a NATOAdvanced Research Workshop held in Portugal in 1991, itoffers both empirical research and theoretical papers. The book includes a thorough discussion on the nature andpurpose of problem solving as a mathematical activity,providing a view of the importance of complementaryactivities such as investigations, conjecturing and problemposing. It focuses on cognitive processes, instruction,classroom processes, and the teacher's role, and containsnew assessment and teacher education proposals. At a time of important reform movements, when emphasis isput on the role of new information technologies, the bookprovides an up-to-date view of the developmental work beingdone on computerized learning environments in the disciplineof mathematics, as well as on the efforts to introduce themin educational practice.
1 596 kr
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For some years, specification of software and hardwaresystems has been influenced not only by algebraic methodsbut also by new developments in logic. These newdevelopments in logic are partly based on the use ofalgorithmic techniques in deduction and proving methods, butare alsodue to new theoretical advances, to a great extentstimulated by computer science, which have led to new typesof logic and new logical calculi. The new techniques, methods and tools from logic, combined with algebra-basedones, offer very powerful and useful tools for the computerscientist, which may soon become practical for commercialuse, where, in particular, more powerful specification toolsare needed for concurrent and distributed systems. This volume contains papers based on lectures by leadingresearchers which were originally given at an internationalsummer school held in Marktoberdorf in 1991. The papers aimto give a foundation for combining logic and algebra for thepurposes of specification under the aspects of automateddeduction, proving techniques, concurrency and logic, abstract data types and operational semantics, andconstructive methods.
Communication from an Artificial Intelligence Perspective
Theoretical and Applied Issues
Inbunden, Engelska, 1992
1 644 kr
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This book addresses the question of whether and how currentcomputational approaches to communication can or might beable to accommodate the range ofcomplexities thatcharacterize both human-human and human-machinecommunication. The chapters in the book are based on papers presented at aNATO Advanced Research Workshop held in Italy in late 1990where an international group of computer scientists andcognitive scientists met to discuss theoretical and appliedissues concerning communication. The initial chapters aremore theoretical in nature with an emphasis on formalapproaches to communication. The middle chapters focus onparticular application issues, such as the generation ofmultimedia documents and the role of planning in buildingsystems to support human-human or human-machine interaction. The final few chapters consider more general issues relatingto communication, such as the influence of social structureon, and the role of affect in communication.
2 189 kr
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Cognitive science is a multidisciplinary science concernedwith understanding and utilizing models of cognition. It hasspawned a great dealof research on applications such asexpert systems and intelligent tutoring systems, and hasinteracted closely with psychological research. However, itis generally accepted that it is difficult to applycognitive-scientific models to medical training andpractice. This book is based on a NATO Advanced Research Workshop heldin Italy in 1991, the purpose of which was to examine theimpact ofmodels of cognition on medical training andpractice and to outline future research programmes relatingcognition and education, and in particular to consider thepotential impact of cognitive science on medical trainingand practice. A major discovery presented in the book is that the researchareas related to artificial intelligence, cognitivepsychology, and medical decision making are considerablycloser, both conceptually and theoretically, than many ofthe workshop participants originally thought.
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This book examines emerging developments in the decision support system (DSS) field as it enters its third decade. The book is based on the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Recent Developments in Decision Support Systems held in Italy in June 1991. The contributors are an international assortment of active DSS researchers who offer diverse perspectives on DSSs and examine recent advances in the field. There are four major parts to the book. Part 1 is concerned with DSS foundations, including concepts, theories, frameworks and models. Part 2 examines DSS development in terms of tools and methods for building DSSs. Part 3 is concerned with DSS usage and evaluation. Part 4 concludes with presentations of specific DSS applications. Researchers, graduate students and practitioners in the DSS field will find that the book provides a stimulating and current treatment of DSS topics, helping to usher in the next decade of DSS advances.
2 066 kr
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In the last decade there have been rapid developments in thefield of computer-based learning environments. A whole newgeneration of computer-based learning environments hasappeared, requiring new approaches to design anddevelopment. One main feature of current systems is thatthey distinguish different knowledge bases that are assumedto be necessary to support learning processes. Currentcomputer-based learning environments often require explicitrepresentations of large bodies of knowledge, includingknowledge of instruction. This book focuses on instructional models as explicit,potentially implementable representations of knowledgeconcerning one or more aspects of instruction. The book hasthree parts, relating to different aspects of the knowledgethat should be made explicit in instructional models:knowledge of instructional planning, knowledge ofinstructional strategies, and knowledge of instructionalcontrol. The book is based on a NATO Advanced ResearchWorkshop held at the University of Twente, The Netherlandsin July 1991.
Del 103 - NATO ASI Subseries F:
Parallel Computing on Distributed Memory Multiprocessors
Inbunden, Engelska, 1993
1 098 kr
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Advances in microelectronic technology have made massivelyparallel computing a reality and triggered an outburst ofresearch activity in parallel processing architectures andalgorithms. Distributed memory multiprocessors - parallelcomputers that consist of microprocessors connected in aregular topology - are increasingly being used to solvelarge problems in many application areas. In order to usethese computers for a specific application, existingalgorithms need to be restructured for the architecture andnew algorithms developed. The performance of a computationon a distributed memory multiprocessor is affected by thenode and communication architecture, the interconnectionnetwork topology, the I/O subsystem, and the parallelalgorithm and communication protocols. Each of theseparametersis a complex problem, and solutions require anunderstanding of the interactions among them. This book is based on the papers presented at the NATOAdvanced Study Institute held at Bilkent University, Turkey, in July 1991.The book is organized in five parts: Parallelcomputing structures and communication, Parallel numericalalgorithms, Parallel programming, Fault tolerance, andApplications and algorithms.
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This volume contains papers on software for high performanceparallel computation. Their purpose is to evaluate thecurrent state of the art in software for parallelcomputation, identify the main factors inhibiting practicalapplications of parallel computers, and suggest possibleremedies. In particular, they focus on parallel software, programming tools, and practical experience of usingparallel computers for solving demanding problems. Criticalissues relative to the practical use of parallel computinginclude: portability, reusability and debugging, parallelization of sequential programs, construction of parallel algorithms, and performance of parallel programs and systems. Several tools are described for the first time in this book, and several papers are by outstanding contributors to the field of high speed programming. Highlights include paper son PVM and HeNCE, FORGE 90and High Performance Fortran, Linda, and object oriented programming methods.
3 185 kr
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This book contains revised and updated versions of paperspresented at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held inMilton Keynes, U. K. , in summer 1990. The workshop broughttogether about 30 world leaders in the use of advancedtechnologies in the teaching of mathematics and science. The papers demonstrate how technology is impacting the viewin the teaching profession of what should be taught, whatcan be taught, and how teachers should go about their workin the various disciplines. They offer great insight intothe central issues of teaching and learning in a wide rangeof disciplines and across many grade levels, ranging fromelementary school through college and undergraduateeducation. The book has two major parts, on advanced technologies inthe teaching of science and mathematics respectively,although many of the papers address topics of interest tospecialists in both areas. The papers reflect examples drawnfrom a wide range of fields, including mathematics, physics,computer science, engineering, chemistry, and biology. Somedemonstrate the use of software inteaching difficult butrestricted concepts within a discipline.Other show anintegrated approach that exploits the power of educationalsoftware throughout a course. The notions of discovery,representation, qualitative models for reasoning, modelbuilding, and the management of complexity are key elementsin numerous papers.
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This volume provides a thorough examination of the use ofadvanced educational technology in the delivery oftechnology education at the school, college, and universitylevels. Based on a NATO Advanced Study Institute held atthe University of Salford, England, in August 1992, the bookfocuses on the following key elements:- The philosophical and educational foundation for the useof advanced educational technologies in the delivery oftechnology education,- Advanced educational technology research and practice,- The development of integrated implementation plansemploying research from both elements. The authors are selected leaders in the field of science andtechnology education, drawn from the practitioner level, thedoctoral and post-doctoral level, and decision makers inlocal and national administration and government in the NATOand Central and Eastern European countries. The bookindicates the issues to be addressed by all involved in theuse of advanced educational technology in the domain oftechnology education.
3 280 kr
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Despite its increasing importance, the verification andvalidation of the human-machine interface is perhaps themost overlooked aspect of system development. Although muchhas been written about the design and developmentprocess,very little organized information is available on how toverifyand validate highly complex and highly coupleddynamic systems. Inability toevaluate such systemsadequately may become the limiting factor in our ability toemploy systems that our technology and knowledge allow us todesign. This volume, based on a NATO Advanced Science Institute heldin 1992, is designed to provide guidance for theverification and validation of all highly complex andcoupled systems. Air traffic control isused an an exampleto ensure that the theory is described in terms that willallow its implementation, but the results can be applied toall complex and coupled systems. The volume presents the knowledge and theory ina formatthat will allow readers from a wide variety of backgroundsto apply it to the systems for which they are responsible.The emphasis is on domains where significant advances havebeen made in the methods of identifying potential problemsand in new testing methods and tools. Also emphasized aretechniques to identify the assumptions on which a system isbuilt and to spot their weaknesses.
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At present, there is a general consensus on the nature oflearning programming, but there are different opinions onwhat forms an effective environment for it. It is generallyrecognized that the development of a mental model is aformidable task for the student and that learningprogramming is a complex activity that depends heavily onmetacognitive skills. This book, based on a NATO workshop, presents both purecognitive models and experimental learning environments, anddiscusses what characteristics can make a learning modeleffective, especially in relation to the learningenvironment (natural or computerized). The papers covercognitive models related to different aspects ofprogramming, classes of learners, and types of environment,and are organized in three groups: theoretical and empiricalstudies on understanding programming, environments forlearning programming, and learning programming in schoolenvironments. Comprehension, design, construction, testing, debugging, andverification are recognized as interdependent skills, whichrequire complicated analysis and may develop independently,and indifferent orders, in novices.This book shows thatthere is unlikely to be asingle path from novice to expertand that the structure of the final product (the program)may not constrain the process by which it comes into beingas much as some would advocate.
2 126 kr
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This volume is based on a NATO Advanced Research Workshop inthe Special Programme on Advanced Educational Technology. The objective of the workshop was to bring togetherresearchers producing software in the field of electricityeducation, and more generally in physics education, andresearchers involved in the connection between cognitivescience andthe learning of a well defined domain such aselectricity. The book is divided into five main parts:- New approaches to teaching electricity: research on theteaching of electricity has shown that traditionalpresentations should be questioned. - Analogies and models in electricity: teaching experimentsbased on different models of electricity are presented. - Contextualized electricity: a new field of researchstudies how adults who work with electricity and electronicdevices represent electric phenomena and concepts. - Using computers in electricity teaching: studies show howcomputers can be used for assessing electricity knowledgeand student models of electricity. -Design of learning environments: here interactivelearning environments, some of them specially designed forpractical work in electronics, are presented.
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Educational technology in the broadest sense is knowledgeand competence forimproving the educational process: forusing hardware (equipment), software (methods), and"underware" (underlying organizational structures). This volume in the Special Programme on Advanced EducationalTechnology presents the results of a NATO Advanced ResearchWorkshop on educational systems design as a new educationaltechnology. The objective of the workshop was toadvance ourknowledge about the comprehensive systems design approachfor improving educational systems. The workshop wasorganized for the transdisciplinary interaction of threescientific groups representing design science,organizational/systems science, and educationaltechnology. Participants were selected based on their scholarship asmembers of one or more of these three groups. The book opens with theframing papers sent by the editorsto participants prior to the workshop, then presents fivesets of thematic contributions: the conceptual and empiricalcontexts of comprehensive systems design, the systems designfocus, a systems view of designing educational systems, theeducational context of systems design, and high technologyfocus in systems design.
1 551 kr
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Control technology is a new learning environment whichoffers the opportunity to take up the economic andeducational challenge of enabling people to adapt to newtechnologies and use them to solve problems. Giving youngchildren (and also adults) easy access to control technologyintroduces them to a learning environment where they canbuild their knowledge across a range of topics. As theybuild and program their own automata and robots, they learnto solve problems, work incollaboration, and be creative. They also learn more about science, electronics, physics,computer literacy, computer assisted manufacturing, and soon. This book, based on a NATO Advanced Research Workshop in theSpecial Programme on Advanced Educational Technology,presents a cross-curricular approach to learning aboutcontrol technology. The recommended methodology is activelearning, where the teacher's role is to stimulate thelearner to build knowledge by providing him/her withappropriate materials (hardware and software) andsuggestions to develop the target skills.The results areencouraging, although more tools are needed to help thelearner to generalize from his/her concrete experiment incontrol technology as well as to evaluate its effect on thetarget skills. The contributions not only discussepistemological controversies linked to such learningenvironments as control technology, but also report on thestate of the art and new developments in the field andpresent some stimulating ideas.
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The development of information processing systems requiresmodels, calculi, and theories for the analysis ofcomputations. Complex software systems are best constructedin a careful, systematic, and disciplined structuring of thedevelopment process. Starting from basic requirementspecifications in which all the relevant details areformalized, the envisaged solution should be developed stepby step by adding more and more details and giving evidenceor formal proofs to show the correctness of the steps, untila description of a solution is obtained that has all therequired properties. The Marktoberdorf Advanced Study Institute 1992 presentedscientific highlights in approaches to the systematic studyofreliable software and hardware systems using functional, algebraic, and logical calculi. Leading scientists treatedthe specification, development, verification, andimplementation of complex time-sensitive systems, such assignal processing systems, process control systems, andgeneral software systems. The mathematical foundations ofspecification and refinement were carefully treated, andseveral formalisms for describing processes were introduced.Emphasis was put on application-oriented descriptionsof signal processing systems with real-time dependencies. Formalisms for reasoning about distributed causality-basedcomputations were presented and new styles of programmingleading to shorter and more expressive notations weredemonstrated. This book is based on the Institute, and gives an impressivedemonstration of the state of the art and the essentialprogress in our formal abilities to specify, refine, verify, develop, and implement complex software systems includingembedded systems and hard real-time dependent systems.
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This book is a collection of some of the papers that werepresented during aNATO Advanced Research Workshop held inKusadasi, Turkey, August 24-28, 1992. Attendance at thisworkshop was mainly by invitation only, drawing peoplerepresenting industry, government and the academiccommunity. Many of the participants were internationallyrecognized leaders in the topic of the workshop. The papers in the volume are grouped in six parts, with abalance of theory and applications. Some papers provideintroductory and overview material as well as reviews of thestate of the art and others provide detail in specializedareas which can be useful to practitioners. The partsdiscuss the following topics: - Intelligent systems: analysis and assessment issues- Dependability of intelligent systems- Intelligent front ends- Learningsystems- Safety and reliability of advanced robotic systems- Dependability considerations in industrial applications.
2 126 kr
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Current issues and approaches in the reliability and safety analysis of dynamic process systems are the subject of this book. The authors of the chapters are experts from nuclear, chemical, mechanical, aerospace and defense system industries, and from institutions including universities, national laboratories, private consulting companies, and regulatory bodies. Both the conventional approaches and dynamic methodologies which explicitly account for the time element in system evolution in failure modeling are represented. The papers on conventional approaches concentrate on the modeling of dynamic effects and the need for improved methods. The dynamic methodologies covered include the DYLAM methodology, the theory of continuous event trees, several Markov model construction procedures, Monte Carlo simulation, and utilization of logic flowgraphs in conjunction with Petri nets. Special emphasis is placed on human factors such as procedures and training.
1 098 kr
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Interactive learning technology holds great promise forimproving the education of deaf children. This book is basedon a NATO workshop held in the Netherlands in June 1991which brought together experts in the fields ofdeafeducation and interactive learning technology to discussideas and research results and plan future collaboration. The book is part of the NATOSpecial Programme on AdvancedEducational Technology. The book is divided into three main parts: - Language: Storage and retrieval systems. Inallapproaches to deaf education, the development of literacyis a majorgoal. The development and implementation ofinnovative learning technology must be integrated withcurrent approaches and strategies. - Oral communication. Training devices may be used toimprove speech production, speech reading, and the use ofresidual hearing. - Sign language and manual communication. Interactivelearning devices are needed which can be employed by bothdeaf and hearing persons to acquire sign language.
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This volume in the NATO Advanced Educational Technologyprogram gives a comprehensive overview of the field ofstudent modelling. Student modelling,a special case of usermodelling, gives an intelligent tutoring system thecapability to individualize its interactions with a student. The book collects together contributions from many of theworld's leading authorities on student modelling. Theyinclude formalists, knowledge engineers, and cognitivescientists, to give the book an interdisciplinary flavourthat enriches the treatment. The editors have written anoverallintroduction that helps to integrate the many ideasin the book. This is a unique, comprehensive, and up-to-datetreatment of the field.
3 280 kr
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Various fields of image analysis, computer vision, andartificial intelligence require a description of shape ingrey-level images, but the automatic performance of thesetasks can only succeed if a suitable description of shape isavailable. This book presents a comprehensive overview of themathematical description of shape from the viewpoint of abroad range of disciplines. The emphasis is on themethodology and theunderlying mathematics. The concept ofshape is explored in terms of such disciplines as digitaltopology and geometry, categorial shape theory, mathematicalmorphology, wavelets, differential geometry, graph andhierarchical representation methods, and evolutionarysystems.
2 189 kr
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This volume is based on a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on User-Centred Requirements for Software Engineering Environments held in Bonas, France, in September 1991. The workshop was organized in two halves, one dominated by discussion of usability problems in software engineering and the other by discussion of existing solutions to these problems. The papers in the volume are grouped under four themes: - Design activities and representations for design - Code representation and manipulation - Technological solutions - The impact of design methods and new programming paradigms.
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There is a gap between the mathematics taught to engineering students and the mathematics that engineers use in practice. The mathematics presented to undergraduates is often already in modelled form, there is always enough data, the solution is known, there is a preferred technique, and the students are expected to work by themselves. In practice the engineer will work on an ill-formulated problem and be expected to produce the model, will never have enough data, will never be perfectly sure if the solution is correct, and will be part of a team. Written by internationally renowned engineering scientists and researchers, this volume in the NATO Special Programme on Advanced Educational Technology addresses this gap by discussing the design of modelling courses. Fluid flow and heat transfer serve as examples.
1 551 kr
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This book focuses on the use of technology-mediated interaction in distance education and open learning. Special emphasis is placed on models for collaborative dialogues in general and learning dialogues in particular, at a distance, through a computer network. The technology is thus used as a medium for conducting conversations and dialogues, allowing the co-construction of new knowledge and understanding among groups of learners and tutors, who might otherwise have little opportunity to interact with each other. The book has three main aspects: it gives an overview of the state of the art; it integrates the viewpoints of educationalists, users, and scientists; and it offers a balance between fundamental research and applications. It is part of the NATO Special Programme on Advanced Educational Technology.
2 126 kr
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This volume deals with the design of computer-integrated manufacturing and production systems from a human-factors perspective. Based on a NATO Advanced Study Institute, it contains contributions from leading experts as well as the edited results of several workshops on the key phases of systems design: specification, design, building, and evaluation. Each phase is discussed from both theoretical and practical points of view. The contents of the book are organized into four parts: business and enterprise context of human-centred systems; information, communication, interfacing and their requirements; technology and its usability; and the systems development process and results from the group work sessions.
Automating Instructional Design: Computer-Based Development and Delivery Tools
Inbunden, Engelska, 1995
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These proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute in the Special Programme on Advanced Educational Technology features the collective work of a group of international scholars and practitioners interested in the automation of instructional design. Members of the group have collaborated over the past few years in several NATO-sponsored Advanced Research Workshops and Advanced Study Institutes. Continuing research and development activities of the members are represented by the formation of an international consortium known as the Grimstad Group. This book establishes an initial knowledge base for the new field of courseware engineering. The authors provide a diversity of perspectives on issues and concepts associated with automation of instructional design.
1 551 kr
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Computers are playing a fundamental role in enhancing exploratory learning techniques in education. This volume in the NATO Special Programme on Advanced Educational Technology covers the state of the art in the design and use of computer systems for exploratory learning. Contributed chapters treat principles, theory, practice, and examples of some of the best contemporary computer-based learning environments: Logo, Boxer, Microworlds, Cabri-Géomètre, Star Logo, Table Top, Geomland, spreadsheets, Function Machines, and others. Emphasis is on mathematics and science education. Synthetic chapters provide an overview of the current scene in computers and exploratory learning, and analyses from the perspectives of epistemology, learning, and socio-cultural studies.