NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 3 – serie
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154 produkter
154 produkter
3 491 kr
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Minsk, Belarus was the site of the NATO ARW on Wide Band-Gap electronic Materials May 3 through 6,1994; 143 participants and observers from 15 countries met for the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Wide Band-Gap Electronic Materials (NATO ARW). The meeting was marked by a remarkable free exchange between east and west on these topics by revealing technical achievements not widely known or available in the west because ofpast political climate or present economic realities in the Newly IndependentStates. The topics ranged from electron doping of diamond, n-type diamond, negative electron affinity ofdiamond, applications of aluminum nitride, doping ofboron nitride, wideband gap electronic applications, to nanophase diamond. Of the many high-lights during the scientific meetings, an energy sub band due to defects in the diamond lattice was described. These defects areresponsible for the light emission from a diamond Light Emitting Diode (LED) which was demonstrated at the NATO ARW. This diamond LED can emitred, green, and blue light. The potential for "high tech" nanostructure electronic devices such as quantum transistors was described which mightsome day revolutionize electronics.The prospectsofaluminum nitride for acusto devices,piezodevices, and electroluminescencedevices were discussed.
2 119 kr
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Multi-chip modules (MCMs) with high wiring density, controlled impedance interconnects and thermal management capability have been developed to address the problems posed by advances in electronic systems that make demands for higher speeds and complexity, highlighting recent advances in MCM-C technology. Developments in materials and processes which have led to increased interconnection density are reviewed for finer resolution thick film inks and high performance-low temperature dielectric tapes. Precision via generation by both laser and mechanical methods and enhanced screen printing technologies have provided feature resolution to the 50 mmm line/space level. MCM-C technology is compatible with thick film sensors and work is reviewed on environmental gas sensors, pressure and temperature sensors, and the development of novel materials in this area.
3 174 kr
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A recent major development in high technology, and one which bears considerable industrial potential, is the advent of low-dimensional semiconductor quantum structures. The research and development activity in this field is moving fast and it is thus important to afford scientists and engineers the opportunity to get updated by the best experts in the field. The present book draws together the latest developments in the fabrication technology of quantum structures, as well as a competent and extensive review of their fundamental properties and some remarkable applications. The book is based on a set of lectures that introduce different aspects of the basic knowledge available, it has a tutorial content and could be used as a textbook. Each aspect is reviewed, from elementary concepts up to the latest developments. Audience: Undergraduates and graduates in electrical engineering and physics schools. Also for active scientists and engineers, updating their knowledge and understanding of the frontiers of the technology.
Del 5 - NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 3
Aqueous Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis
Inbunden, Engelska, 1995
2 119 kr
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In the last 15 years aqueous organometallic chemistry and catalysis has emerged from being a laboratory curiosity to become an established field of research. Topics reviewed here include mechanistic studies on the effect of water on catalyzed reactions, the preparation of water soluble phosphines as ligands for catalysis, metal catalyzed organic reactions in water (hydrogenation, hydroformylation, carbonylation, olefin metathesis, hydrophosphination, etc.), chiral ligands and enantioselective catalysis, organometallic radical photochemistry in aqueous solutions, bioorganometallic chemistry, organometallic reactions of biopolymers, and catalytic modification of biomembranes. The summary of recent results is supplemented by an assessment of probable future research trends. Audience: Researchers in both academia and industry, as well as graduate students of homogeneous catalysis.
3 174 kr
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Electricity is the most important secondary energy source, the present production rate, mainly from thermal electric power stations, being of the order of 1.3 TW. However, the total capacity of primary and rechargeable batteries currently in use is the same as the output of the world's power stations. But present battery systems will not meet future needs for the economical storage of large amounts of electrical energy for vehicles, public transport, road levelling, solar energy utilisation, civil video and audio, terrestrial and space communications, etc. Current accumulators based on aqueous acid or alkali systems do not have sufficient output and, moreover, the materials employed (Pb, Cd, Ni) are environmental pollutants that require safe recycling. Further, stocks of these strategic metals are being rapidly depleted. This book discusses actual field results with novel systems, such as rechargeable lithium batteries, zinc/air cells, metal-free accumulators, graphite/carbon devices and others, including fuel cells.The book stresses that a universal electrochemical system is not feasible: the choice of any system must depend on the concrete field of application and must be taken in consideration of a large number of technical, economic and environmental circumstances.
3 174 kr
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In the 30 years since the invention of the CO2 gas laser, the major design issue has shifted from how to obtain the desired power level to how to achieve reliable operation. At the same time, the opening of many laser development facilities in the former Soviet Union has allowed their achievements and design approaches to be understood and appreciated. Further, the industrial laser user community has identified a number of emerging applications at higher power levels (15-20 kW) than are attainable by most commercial devices.
3 174 kr
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The discussions presented in this work are grouped around three main aspects: molecular engineering; electroluminescence and photorefractive effects; and nonlinear optical material response. Progress, problems and possible developments are clearly described. The main topics covered (albeit with some overlap) are: theoretical considerations; nonlinear optical effects and applications; photorefractivity, photochromism and electroluminescence; molecular engineering, material processing, characterization and molecular electronics applications; new effects and phenomena.
3 174 kr
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Dealing with the preparation, characterization and technological applications of monodisperse particles in the micro to nano size range, this work covers: the mechanisms by which uniform fine particles are formed and the search for new processes; the mechanism of the precipitation technique, requiring knowledge of the relationship between the complex solution chemistry and the products formed; and the sequence of events leading to the formation of monodisperse colloids. The following topics are presented: microparticles, nanoparticles, applications in the preparation of materials, synthesis and properties, environmental applications, and many others.
2 119 kr
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Low-dimensional semiconductor quantum structures are a major, high-technological development that has a considerable industrial potential. The field is developing rapidly and this work represents a guide to developments in device technology, fundamental properties, and some remarkable applications. The content is largely tutorial, and the book could be used as a textbook. It deals with the physics, fabrication, characteristics and performance of devices based on low-dimensional semiconductor structures. It opens with fabrication procedures. The fundamentals of quantum structures and electro-optical devices are dealt with extensively. Nonlinear optical devices are discussed from the point of view of physics and applications of exciton saturation in MQW structures. Waveguide-based devices are also described in terms of linear and nonlinear coupling. The basics of pseudomorphic HEMT technology, device physics and materials layer design are presented. Each aspect is reviewed from the elementary basics up to the latest developments. It should be of interest to undergraduates in electrical engineering, and graduates in physics and engineering schools.Useful for active scientists and engineers wishing to update their knowledge and understanding of recent developments.
3 174 kr
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Significant mechanical and thermal stresses occur at high temperatures, and Mechanical Behaviour of Materials at High Temperature provides an integrated and comprehensive source of information on topics including the techniques used to measure and analyze mechanical properties, the mechanisms of deformation and fracture in creep, fatigue, thermal fatigue and creep/fatigue interaction, the development of high temperature materials and the factors influencing their service performance. The topics of metal matrix and ceramic matrix composites receive special attention. The most recent progress in these areas is reviewed, including some very recent industrial applications. The material is presented at the postgraduate level. Audience: Postgraduate and academic researchers, scientists and technologists, both in industry and academic research, in the nuclear, aerospace, power production and materials production sectors, and all others who have to deal with materials working at high temperatures.
3 174 kr
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Research into nanoparticles is motivated by the demand for advanced materials having superior mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, electro-optical, magnetic and electromagnetic properties. This volume present volume represents an integration of solid-state physical and "wet" chemical techniques for nanoparticle synthesis. Topicscovered include: biological, physical and chemical approaches to nanoparticle preparation; theories and modelling of nucleation, cluster growth, particle growth in solid and liquid states and at interfaces, characterization of particles prepared by different methods, applications as catalysts and in devices (sensors, electrical/optical and information storage), and future research directions.
Nonlinear Microwave Signal Processing: Towards a New Range of Devices
Proceedings of the III International Workshop Nonlinear Microwave Magnetic and Magnetooptic Information Processing
Inbunden, Engelska, 1996
535 kr
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This book is the result of the contributions coming from the more than thirty key rd speakers of the 3 international Workshop on Nonlinear Microwave Magnetics held in th Roma, Italy from the 3rd to the 6 of October 1995. Since the 1990, in Ulyanovsk, when the Russian Academy of Sciences promoted the first Workshop of the series, the basic idea was to have a sort of Institutional Meeting collecting Scientists of the Magnetics Community devoted to Spin Wave Electronics at Microwave Frequencies. It was a succesful organization, and the birth of an effective interaction between eastern and western researchers overcame the meaning of the Workshop itself. Three years later, in Irvine, California, 1993, the Spin Wave Community was joined again. It was clear that the growing interest on hot topics of Nonlinear Microwave Magnetics involving both, applicative and fundamental aspects of microwave magnetic media, favoured the organization of further meetings on the same subject. So far, during the social dinner, in the middle between a serious proposal and the joke encouraged by the Californian Wine, Roma was proposed as the third place for the Workshop. Day after day, the joke became serious, and it was possible to solve the financial and logistic problems in time for the predicted deadline.
Protective Coatings and Thin Films
Synthesis, Characterization and Applications
Inbunden, Engelska, 1996
3 174 kr
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A comprehensive survey of the latest advances in surface engineering, particular emphasis being placed on the functionality of protective coatings and the relationships between properties, performance and experimental parameters used for the deposition of films on a variety of substrates. Topics covered include: protection against wear, erosion, corrosion, and friction, plasma assisted physical and chemical vapour deposition processes, low friction coatings operating in a hostile environment, polymer films for protection against mechanical damage and chemical attack, film structure characterization and correlations with mechanical properties, wear and corrosion resistant thermal spray coatings, functional gradient ceramic/metallic coatings produced with high energy laser beams, and energetic deposition processes for high temperature applications, protective coatings for optical systems, and ion beam assisted deposition for protection against aqueous corrosion. Fundamental, scientific, technical and economic aspects of both R&D and applications are dealt with in detail.
2 119 kr
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This work is organized into four sections, starting with general considerations of glass forming ability and techniques for the preparation of different kinds of glasses. There has been activity on the nature of the glass transition in recent years, but it remains a difficult and poorly understood subject. The second section discusses the various techniques used to investigate the structure of the glasses, including extensive notes on computer simulation techniques. The third section goes into vibrational states, with special emphasis on the interaction between theory and experiment. In the final section the electronic structure of the glasses is reviewed, together with its relationship with their electrical properties, which involves an understanding of defects. Also included in this section is a review of current thinking on tunnelling states in glasses.
Del 24 - NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 3
Electrical and Related Properties of Organic Solids
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
535 kr
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Organic solids exhibit a wide range of electrical and related properties. They occur as crystals, glasses, polymers and thin films; they may be insulators, semiconductors, conductors or superconductors; and they may show luminescence, nonlinear optical response, and complex dynamical behaviour. The book provides a broad survey of this area, written by international experts, one third being drawn from Eastern Europe. Electrical, optical, spectroscopic and structural aspects are all treated in a way that gives an excellent introduction to current themes in this highly interdisciplinary and practically important area. The coverage is especially strong in the areas where electrical and optical properties overlap, such as photoconductivity, electroluminescence, electroabsorption, electro-optics and photorefraction.
535 kr
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Despite the significant progress, which has been made in developing of ceramic materials desired for engineering applications, their mass production is still not on expected level. Among the key factors hindering higher exploitation of these materials the problems in processing were identified. The processing comprises powder production, mixing techniques, forming, and sintering. All of them are equally important and all of them can introduce defects into the material. Besides improvement in processing, the properties of ceramic materials can be considerably improved by the creation of composites. Composites formed at micro or macro level are able to form more flaw-tolerant material. Considerable research activities, working on above mentioned phenomena are in progress at industrial laboratories as well as other research centres. This volume presents the contributions to the Advanced Research Workshop "Engineering Ceramics '96" with 65 participants from 21 countries held on 12th - 15th May 1996 at Smolenice Castle, Slovakia, the conference site of Slovak Academy of Sciences. The book covers research activities on engineering ceramic materials and gives an overview with respect to recent developments.
2 119 kr
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Five questions dominated the ARW on Physics and Materials Science of High Temperature Superconductors, of which this book forms the permanent record. Briefly, these are: (i) How close are we to a unified theory? The consensus is that we are not. (ii) Flux pinning: can it be achieved in bulk materials? Still an open question. The following three questions are related. (iii) Can grain boundary contributions be brought under control? (iv) What is the real requirement for purity and general chemistry control? (v)What is the practical outlook for bulk products - tapes and wires? One of the conclusions is that the geometry and dimensions in thin films are the key parameters that facilitate the realization of high current densities and, consequently, their commercial application. On the other hand, the very large number of poorly understood microstructural, chemical and mechanical variables involved in the preparation of bulk materials are currently prohibiting large scale commercialization of wires and tapes.
2 119 kr
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Our understanding of the quantitative aspects of free radical chemistry and the involvement of radicals in such areas as biology, medicine and the environment has developed over recent years, yet the various topics are commonly discussed separately, in specific meetings and specialized publications. This volume draws together two important areas of free radical chemistry, using as a bridge the fundamental physical chemistry of free radicals (spectroscopic detection of free radicals, evaluation of absolute rate constants, elucidation of mechanisms of free radical reactions and catalysis, photochemical and radiation processes). The most relevant topics covered are the EPR detection of radicals in biochemical systems and in pollutant formation and degradation, oxidation processes in biology and in the troposphere, radiation and induced damage, and atmospheric pollutants arising from incomplete combustion. Also covered are the chemistry and biochemistry of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, the chemistry and biochemistry of DNA radicals, the role of radicals in myeloperoxidase, lignineperoxidase, radicals and cardiovascular injury, radiation and the fragmentation of cells and tissues.
Del 28 - NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 3
Advances in Complex Electromagnetic Materials
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
2 119 kr
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Recent advances in our understanding of complex composite media, especially chiral media for microwave applications, suggest the feasibility of creating novel materials with unusual properties and the possibility of constructing new microwave devices using such materials. The emphasis of the book is on bi-anisotropic materials, whose most interesting feature is the magnetoelectric interaction of the fields. The materials are expected to supply useful applications in radar technology, aerospace, microwave engineering and manufacturing technology, such as absorbers for low-reflectivity shields, reciprocal phase shifters, and polarization transformers. Experiments with artificial bi-anisotropic media have been successfully carried out.
Del 29 - NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 3
Californium-252 Isotope for 21st Century Radiotherapy
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
551 kr
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Californium-252 is a neutron emitter with a high specific activity, making it useful in a variety of applications, the most spectacular of which is in brachytherapy for cancer patients. Radiation oncology has exhausted nearly every option for treating radioresistant tumors by photon brachytherapy, and therefore new types of radiation need to be studied to improve the curability of cancer. Audience: Californium brachytherapy is used in only a few radiation therapy centers in the world, so the book will be highly instructive for radiation oncologists, medical physicists and radiobiologists. The nuclear techniques used in clinical applications may also interest nuclear physicists and engineers.
Genome Structure and Function
From Chromosomes Characterization to Genes Technology
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
2 119 kr
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nd During June 13 -June 23 1996, the 2 EL. B. A. Foundation course on Genome, a NATO Advanced Study Institute, was held at Marcian Marina, Isle of Elba, Italy, - sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the EL. B. A. Fundation. The subject of the course was "Genome Structure and Function" with participants selected worldwire from 15 afferent countries. The purpose of the course and of the resulting book is the study of DNA structure (from the primary to the quintemary) and gene expression in the control of cell function and cell cycle progression; the topics were presented by top experts, covering both structural (cbwn to the atomic resolution) and functional (cbwn to gene level) aspects. The topics were presented by top experts and scientists active in the field, with the goal to give an insight into modm problems of genome study and recent ochievements in related fielm of molecular and cell biology, genetic engineering, biochemistry and biophysics, oncology and biotechnology. This resulting book is intenred to give a broad perspecti ve of the current stand of these fields.The major emphasis is towarm a reep unrerstanang of DNA structure and function in intetphase and metaphase chromosomes, originating by the parallel biophysical (namely NMR X-Ray and neutron scattering, spectropolarimetry, image analysis, calorimetry) and biochemical study conwcted on a wire range of cell systems placing the emphasis on either the higher orrer DNA structure or gene structure and function.
3 174 kr
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This text discusses the modelling and application of nonlinear microwave circuits, the problems of microwave electrodynamics, and applications of magnetic and high TC superconductor structures. Aspects of advanced methods for the structural investigation of materials and of MW remote sensing are also considered. The dual focus on both HTSC MW device physics and MW excitation in ferrites and magnetic films will foster the interaction of specialists in these different fields.
1 063 kr
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Ethylene is a simple, gaseous plant hormone produced by higher plants, bacteria and fungi. Thanks to new tools that have become available in biochemistry and molecular genetics, parts of the ethylene biosynthesis, perception and signal transduction reactions have been elucidated. This knowledge has been applied to enhance the quality of a number of agronomically important crops. In this text, leading figures in the field provide surveys of the current state of ethylene biosynthesis and action, perception and signal transduction pathways, senescence, biotechnological control, and the involvement of ethylene in pathogenesis and stress.
Immunogenetics: Advances and Education
The First Congress of the Slovak Foundation
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
2 182 kr
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The objective underlying this book is educational, aiming to advance the development of immunogenetics/histocompatibility and to encourage the international collaboration that is so necessary for the international transplant programme and for research into the genetic predisposition to develop diseases associated with genes in the HLA complex. The revolution in high-tech molecular biological genome technology has given rise to a prodigious development of molecular techniques for the polymorphism analysis of HLA and the subsequent application of research results in clinical practice. Many new allergies have been discovered and different mechanisms have been shown to generate these new allergies. This has improved both diagnostic efficiency and increased the success of transplantation.Topics covered include: HLA associated susceptibility to auto-immune disease; strategies and efficiency of BMDW and benefit of collaboration; optimum selection of unrelated bone marrow donor and extension of the pool of suitable donors by determination of possible mismatches; identification of sibling pairs using microsatellites across the HLA region; HLA in kidney transplantation; eurotransplant facts and figures; HLA typing from serology to molecular biology; evolution of DNA based typing in HLA laboratories; HLA and paternity testing.
Del 36 - NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 3
Physics and Applications of Non-Crystalline Semiconductors in Optoelectronics
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
2 119 kr
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The reports published here cover two main topics: the theoretical basis of the physics of non-crystalline materials, and experimental results. Subjects treated include: optical properties of non-crystalline semiconductors; doping of glassy semiconductors and photoinduced effects in chalcogenide glasses and practical applications; methods for investigating the structure of non-crystalline semiconductors; new glassy materials for IR transmittance and optoelectronics; photoinduced transformations and applications. Considerable attention is paid to the technical applications of the photoinduced phenomena in optoelectronics, optical and photoelectrical information storage media, high resolution lithography, optical diffraction elements, optoelectronic parts and circuits.
2 119 kr
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Xenobiotics (foreign chemicals) are natural or synthetic substances (such as pesticides) that cannot be utilized by plants in their energy-yielding metabolism. The main enzymatic reactions used by plants for xenobiotic detoxification include oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation with glutathione, sugars and amino acids. Xenobiotic conjugates may be compartmentalized in the vacuole of plant cells by means of membrane-bound transporters. This text includes discussion of current advances associated with the regulation of gene expression and enzymology of the major classes of xenobiotic degrading enzymes. Genetic engineering of crops with plant or bacterial detoxification genes and chemical regulation of the enzymatic systems that detoxify xenobiotics in plants by herbicide safeners and synergists are also discussed. Advanced level and graduate students and professional scientists in agronomy, plant physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, chemistry should find this text useful.
1 591 kr
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Diamond-based composites, with their advantages of hardness, high Young's modulus and the like, have demonstrated new and unusual features, such as stability to high temperatures and pressure shocks and a large internal surface that can be controlled to offer customized electrical, magnetic and optical properties, leading to efficient filters, absorbents, sensors and other tools for environmental control and monitoring. This volume covers the synthesis of materials, their characterization and properties, trends in high pressure and high temperature technologies, low pressure technologies, basic principles of DBC material science, and future developments in electronics, optics, industrial tools and components, biotechnology and medicine. Wide band-gap materials are considered, ranging from molecular clusters, nanophase materials, growth, processing and synthesis. The processing of composite based materials can be classified into six basic methods: in situ growth and high pressure/high temperature catalytic conversion; mix and sinter (c-BN plus metal-ceramic polymer mix); direct sintering; direct polymorphic conversion; shock detonation; and SHS sintering.
3 174 kr
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The miniaturization and performance improvements provided by solid state lasers, fibre optics and avalanche photodiode detectors have given a significant impulse to the use of photon correlation techniques in the study of laser scattering by macromolecular suspensions, liquid surfaces, critical fluids and turbulent liquids. The improvements can be found in experimental technique, colloids and aggregation, polymers, gels, liquid crystals and mixtures, protein solutions and dense media. Powerful new methods of inverse problems are being applied to data analysis. Much progress is being made in the study of dense media using index matching techniques, two colour systems and the theory of photon diffusion. Other notable developments are phase transitions in the space shuttle microgravity environment, quantum cryptography and the application of photon correlation at X-ray wavelengths using synchrotron sources. Audience: Postgraduate and industrial researchers interested in particle sizing and particle interactions, the physical chemistry of polymers, proteins, enzymes, viruses and other macromolecules, optical instrumentation, and experiments in space.
2 119 kr
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In the modelling of biological molecules containing metal ions, new approaches and techniques are allowing researchers to discuss structures, electronic properties and reaction mechanisms of metalloproteins on the basis of computational studies. Offering a selection of papers on recent progress in this field, this book discusses different approaches in the development of new force fields and their application to the computation of the structures, electronic properties and dynamics of bioinorganic compounds, as well as quantum mechanical and integrated QM/MM methods for understanding the function of metalloenzymes and the calculation of electrostatic interactions.
Advanced Electronic Technologies and Systems Based on Low-Dimensional Quantum Devices
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
2 119 kr
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The major thrust of this book is the realization of an all-optical computer. To that end it discusses optoelectronic devices and applications, transmission systems, integrated optoelectronic systems, and all-optical computers. The chapters on heterostructure light-emitting devices and quantum well-carrier transport optoelectronic devices present the recent advances in device physics, together with modern devices and their applications. The chapter on microcavity lasers discusses present and future developments in solid-state laser physics and technology, and puts into perspective the present state of research into, and the technology of, optoelectronic devices, within the context of their use in advanced systems. A significant part of the book deals with problems of propagation in quantum structures. The chapter on soliton-based switching, gating and transmission systems deals with the basics of controlling the propagation of photons in solids and the use of this control in devices.The chapters on optoelectronic processing using smart pixels and on all-optical computers are preceded by introductory material on the fundamentals of quantum structures for optoelectronic devices and systems, and on linear and non-linear absorption and reflection in quantum-well structures.