Wiley Series in Renewable Resource – serie

This book is exclusively concerned with wood modification, although many of these processes are generic and can be applied to other lignocellulosic materials. There have been many rapid developments in wood modification over the past decade and, in particular, there has been considerable progress made in the commercialisation of technologies. Topics covered include: The use of timber in the 21st centuryModifying the properties of woodChemical modification of wood: Acetic Anhydride Modification and reaction with other chemicalsThermal modification of woodSurface modificationImpregnation modificationCommercialisation of wood modificationEnvironmental consideration and future developmentsThis is the first time that a book has covered all wood modification technologies in one text. Although the book covers the main research developments in wood modification, it also puts wood modification into context and additionally deals with aspects of commercialisation and environmental impact.This book is very timely, because wood modification is undergoing huge developments at the present time, driven in part by environmental concerns regarding the use of wood treated with certain preservatives. There has been considerable commercial interest shown in wood modification over the past decade, with products based upon thermal modification, and furfurylation now being actively being marketed. The next few years will see the commercialisation of acetylation and impregnation modification. This is a new industry, but one that has enormous potential.This book will prove useful to all those with an interest in wood modification including researchers, technologists and professionals working in wood science and timber engineering, wood preservation, and well as professionals in the paper and pulp industries, and those with an interest in the development of renewable materials.

Renewables-Based Technology: Sustainability AssessmentSustainability is a key driving force for industries in the chemical, food, packaging, agricultural and pharmaceutical sectors, and quantitative sustainability indicators are being incorporated into company reports. This is driving the uptake of renewable resources and the adoption of renewables.Renewables' can either be the substituted raw materials that are used in a given industry, (e.g. the use of biomass for fuel); the use and/or modification of a crop for use in a new industry (e.g. plant cellulose), or the reuse of a waste product (e.g. organic waste for energy production).This is the first book in the Wiley Renewable Resources series that brings together the range of sustainability assessment methods and their uses. Ensuing books in the series will look at individual renewable materials and applications.

Biofuels Biofuels The use of biofuels is rapidly gaining momentum all over the world, and can be expected to have an ever increasing impact on the energy and agricultural sector in particular. Biofuels covers the use and conversion technologies of biomass as a renewable resource to produce bioenergy in a sustainable way, mainly in the form of liquid and gaseous biofuels. It gives a broad overview of biofuel developments from both a technical and an economical angle. The different production technologies for biofuels that exist or are under development are extensively covered in depth, dealing with both first generation as well as second generation technologies. Market developments in the sector, including trends on prices, markets and growth are also discussed. The link between the technical and economical developments are indicated throughout the text. The interactions between the technical, economical and ecological aspects are clearly expressed in this volume and are actually covered here for the first time in a single comprehensive volume. This comprehensive text will prove useful for chemists, biologists and engineers working in the emerging biofuels industry, for researchers and academics interested in the field, as well as for those active in conventional fuel companies. The book is also relevant to people active in policy or financing, either within the government, industry or academia. This volume offers an excellent source of useful information and allows reflection about the bio-based economy in general. Topics covered include: Process Technologies forBio-ethanol ProductionProcess Technologies for Biodiesel ProductionBio-based Fischer-Tropsch Diesel ProductionBiomass Digestion to MethaneBiological Hydrogen ProductionFeedstocks for BiorefineriesSustainability of Biofuels

Natural fibres are becoming increasingly popular for use in industrial applications, providing sustainable solutions to support technical innovation. These versatile, natural based materials have applications in a wide range of industries, from textiles and consumer products to the automotive and construction industries. Industrial Applications of Natural Fibres examines the different steps of processing, from natural generation, fibre separation and fibre processing, to the manufacturing of the final product. Each step is linked to fibre properties and characterization, highlighting how different fibres influence the product properties through a discussion of their chemical and structural qualities.Considering the value-added chain from natural generation to final product, with emphasis on quality management, this book reviews the current research and technical applications of natural fibres.Topics covered include: Introduction to the Chemistry and Biology of Natural FibresEconomic Aspects of Natural FibresVegetable FibresAnimal FibresTesting and Quality ManagementApplications: Current and PotentialIndustrial Application of Natural Fibres will be a valuable resource for scientists in industry and academia interested in the development of natural based materials and products. It is particularly relevant for those working in chemical engineering, sustainable chemistry, agricultural sciences, biology and materials sciences.

Over the past two decades, there has been a shift in research and industrial practice, and products traditionally manufactured primarily from wood are increasingly combined with other nonwood materials of either natural or synthetic origin. Wood and other plant-based fiber is routinely combined with adhesives, polymers, and other "ingredients" to produce composite materials.Introduction to Wood and Natural Fiber Composites draws together widely scattered information concerning fundamental concepts and technical applications, essential to the manufacture of wood and natural fiber composites. The topics addressed include basic information on the chemical and physical composition of wood and other lignocellulosic materials, the behavior of these materials under thermocompression processes, fundamentals of adhesion, specific adhesive systems used to manufacture composite materials, and an overview of the industrial technologies used to manufacture major product categories. The book concludes with a chapter on the burgeoning field of natural fiber-plastic composites.Introduction to Wood and Natural Fiber Composites is a valuable resource for upper-level undergraduate students and graduate students studying forest products and wood science, as well as for practicing professionals working in operational areas of wood- and natural-fiber processing.For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrsTopics covered include:  Overview of lignocellulosic material, their chemical and physical compositionConsolidation behavior of wood and fiber in response to heat and pressureFundamentals of adhesionAdhesives used to bond wood and lignocellulosic compositesManufacturing technology of major product typesFiber/plastic composites

Most modern surfactants are readily biodegradable and exhibit low toxicity in the aquatic environment, the two criteria for green surfactants. However the majority are synthesised from petroleum, so over the past decade the detergent industry has turned its attention to developing greener routes to create these surfactants via renewable building blocks. Surfactants from Renewable Resources presents the latest research and commercial applications in the emerging field of sustainable surfactant chemistry, with emphasis on production technology, surface chemical properties, biodegradability, ecotoxicity, market trends, economic viability and life-cycle analysis.Reviewing traditional sources for renewable surfactants as well as recent advances, this text focuses on techniques with potential for large scale application.Topics covered include: Renewable hydrophobes from natural fatty acids and forest industry by-productsRenewable hydrophiles from carbohydrates, amino acids and lactic acidNew ways of making renewable building blocks; ethylene from renewable resources and complex mixtures from waste biomassBiosurfactantsSurface active polymersThis book is a valuable resource for industrial researchers in companies that produce and use surfactants, as well as academic researchers in surface and polymer chemistry, sustainable chemistry and chemical engineering.

Plant biomass is attracting increasing attention as a sustainable resource for large-scale production of renewable fuels and chemicals. However, in order to successfully compete with petroleum, it is vital that biomass conversion processes are designed to minimize costs and maximize yields. Advances in pretreatment technology are critical in order to develop high-yielding, cost-competitive routes to renewable fuels and chemicals.Aqueous Pretreatment of Plant Biomass for Biological and Chemical Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals presents a comprehensive overview of the currently available aqueous pretreatment technologies for cellulosic biomass, highlighting the fundamental chemistry and biology of each method, key attributes and limitations, and opportunities for future advances.Topics covered include:• The importance of biomass conversion to fuels• The role of pretreatment in biological and chemical conversion of biomass• Composition and structure of biomass, and recalcitrance to conversion• Fundamentals of biomass pretreatment at low, neutral and high pH• Ionic liquid and organosolv pretreatments to fractionate biomass• Comparative data for application of leading pretreatments and effect of enzyme formulations• Physical and chemical features of pretreated biomass• Economics of pretreatment for biological processing• Methods of analysis and enzymatic conversion of biomass streams• Experimental  pretreatment systems from multiwell plates to pilot plant operations This comprehensive reference book provides an authoritative source of information on the pretreatment of cellulosic biomass to aid those experienced in the field to access the most current information on the topic.  It will also be invaluable to those entering the growing field of biomass conversion.

In order to successfully compete as a sustainable energy source, the value of biomass must be maximized through the production of valuable co-products in the biorefinery.  Specialty chemicals and other biobased products can be extracted from biomass prior to or after the conversion process, thus increasing the overall profitability and sustainability of the biorefinery. Biorefinery Co-Products highlights various co-products that are present in biomass prior to and after processing, describes strategies for their extraction , and presents examples of bioenergy feedstocks that contain high value products.Topics covered include: Bioactive compounds from woody biomassPhytochemicals from sugar cane, citrus waste and algaeValuable products from corn and other oil seed cropsProteins from foragesEnhancing the value of existing biomass processing streamsAimed at academic researchers, professionals and specialists in the bioenergy industry, Biorefinery Co-Products is an essential text for all scientists and engineers working on the efficient separation, purification and manufacture of value-added biorefinery co-products.For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs

Lignin and Lignans as Renewable Raw Materials: Chemistry, Technology and ApplicationsAs naturally occurring and abundant sources of non-fossil carbon, lignin and lignans offer exciting possibilities as a source of commercially valuable products, moving away from petrochemical-based feedstocks in favour of renewable raw materials. Lignin can be used directly in fields such as agriculture, livestock, soil rehabilitation, bioremediation and the polymer industry, or it can be chemically modified for the fabrication of specialty and high-value chemicals such as resins, adhesives, fuels and greases.Lignin and Lignans as Renewable Raw Materials presents a multidisciplinary overview of the state-of-the-art and future prospects of lignin and lignans. The book discusses the origin, structure, function and applications of both types of compounds, describing the main resources and values of these products as carbon raw materials.Topics covered include: Structure and physicochemical propertiesLignin detection methodsBiosynthesis of ligninIsolation methodsCharacterization and modification of ligninsApplications of modified and unmodified ligninsLignans: structure, chemical and biological propertiesFuture perspectivesThis book is a comprehensive resource for researchers, scientists and engineers in academia and industry working on new possibilities for the application of renewable raw materials.For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs

Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass, Second Edition presents an overview of the use of biorenewable resources in the 21st century for the manufacture of chemical products, materials and energy. The book demonstrates that biomass is essentially a rich mixture of chemicals and materials and, as such, has a tremendous potential as feedstock for making a wide range of chemicals and materials with applications in industries from pharmaceuticals to furniture.Completely revised and updated to reflect recent developments, this new edition begins with an introduction to the biorefinery concept, followed by chapters addressing the various types of available biomass feedstocks, including waste, and the different pre-treatment and processing technologies being developed to turn these feedstocks into platform chemicals, polymers, materials and energy. The book concludes with a discussion on the policies and strategies being put in place for delivering the so-called Bioeconomy.Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass is a valuable resource for academics, industrial scientists and policy-makers working in the areas of industrial biotechnology, biorenewables, chemical engineering, fine and bulk chemical production, agriculture technologies, plant science, and energy and power generation.  We need to reduce our dependence on fossil resources and increasingly derive all the chemicals we take for granted and use in our daily life from biomass – and we must make sure that we do this using green chemistry and sustainable technologies!For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrsTopics covered include: • The biorefinery concept• Biomass feedstocks• Pre-treatment technologies• Platform molecules from renewable resources• Polymers from bio-based monomers• Biomaterials• Bio-based energy production Praise for the 1st edition: “Drawing on the expertise of the authors the book involves a degree of plant biology and chemical engineering, which illustrates the multidisciplinary nature of the topic beautifully” - Chemistry World

Provides complete coverage of the recovery of mineral nutrients from biomass and organic wasteThis book presents a comprehensive overview of the potential for mineral recovery from wastes, addressing technological issues as well as economic, ecological, and agronomic full-scale field assessments. It serves as a complete reference work for experts in the field and provides teaching material for future experts specializing in environmental technology sectors.Biorefinery of Inorganics: Recovering Mineral Nutrients from Biomass and Organic Waste starts by explaining the concept of using anaerobic digestion as a biorefinery for production of an energy carrier in addition to mineral secondary resources. It then discusses the current state of mineral fertilizer use throughout the world, offering readers a complete look at the resource availability and energy intensity. Technical aspects of mineral recovery organic (waste-)streams is discussed next, followed by an examination of the economics of biobased products and their mineral counterparts. The book also covers the environmental impact assessment of the production and use of bio-based fertilizers; modelling and optimization of nutrient recovery from wastes; and more. Discusses global production and consumption of mineral fertilizersIntroduces technologies for the recovery of mineral NPK from organic wastes and residuesCovers chemical characterization and speciation of refined secondary resources, and shows readers how to assess biobased mineral resourcesDiscusses applications of recovered minerals in the inorganic chemistry sectorCompares the economics of biobased products with current fossil-based counterpartsOffers an ecological assessment of introducing biobased products in the current fertilizer industryEdited by leading experts in the fieldBiorefinery of Inorganics: Recovering Mineral Nutrients from Biomass and Organic Waste is an ideal book for scientists, environmental engineers, and end-users in the agro-industry, the waste industry, water and wastewater treatment, and agriculture. It will also be of great benefit to policy makers and regulators working in these fields.

Over the past decade, renewables-based technology and sustainability assessment methods have grown tremendously. Renewable energy and products have a significant role in the market today, and the same time sustainability assessment methods have advanced, with a growing standardization of environmental sustainability metrics and consideration of social issues as part of the assessment.Sustainability Assessment of Renewables-Based Products: Methods and Case Studies is an extensive update and sequel to the 2006 title Renewables-Based Technology: Sustainability Assessment. It discusses the impressive evolution and role renewables have taken in our modern society, highlighting the importance of sustainability principles in the design phase of renewable-based technologies, and presenting a wide range of sustainability assessment methods suitable for renewables-based technologies, together with case studies to demonstrate their applications.This book is a valuable resource for academics, businesses and policy makers who are active in contributing to more sustainable production and consumption.For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrsTopics covered include: The growing role of renewables in our societySustainability in the design phase of products and processesPrinciples of sustainability assessmentLand use analysisWater use analysisMaterial and energy flow analysisExergy and cumulative exergy analysisCarbon and environmental footprint methodsLife Cycle Assessment (LCA), social Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing (LCC)Case studies: renewable energy, bio-based chemicals and bio-based materials.

A multidisciplinary overview of bio-derived solvent applications, life cycle analysis, and strategies required for industrial commercializationThis book provides the first and only comprehensive review of the state-of-the-science in bio-derived solvents. Drawing on their own pioneering work in the field, as well as an exhaustive survey of the world literature on the subject, the authors cover all the bases—from bio-derived solvent applications to life cycle analysis to strategies for industrial commercialization—for researchers and professional chemists working across a range of industries.In the increasingly critical area of sustainable chemistry, the search for new and better green solvents has become a top priority. Thanks to their renewability, biodegradability and low toxicity, as well as their potential to promote advantageous organic reactions, green solvents offer the promise of significantly reducing the pernicious effects of chemical processes on human health and the environment.Following an overview of the current solvents markets and the challenges and opportunities presented by bio-derived solvents, a series of dedicated chapters cover all significant classes of solvent arranged by origin and/or chemical structure. Throughout, real-world examples are used to help demonstrate the various advantages, drawbacks, and limitations of each class of solvent.Topics covered include: The commercial potential of various renewably sourced solvents, such as glycerolThe various advantages and disadvantages of bio-derived versus petroleum-based solventsRenewably-sourced and waste-derived solvents in the design of eco-efficient processesLife cycle assessment and predictive methods for bio-based solventsIndustrial and commercial viability of bio-based solvents now and in the years aheadPotential and limitations of methodologies involving bio-derived solventsNew developments and emerging trends in the field and the shape of things to comeConsidering the vast potential for new and better products suggested by recent developments in this exciting field, Bio-Based Solvents will be a welcome resource among students and researchers in catalysis, organic synthesis, electrochemistry, and pharmaceuticals, as well as industrial chemists involved in manufacturing processes and formulation, and policy makers.

A comprehensive introduction to the design, synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of nanoporous catalysts for the biomass conversion With the specter of peak oil demand looming on the horizon, and mounting concerns over the environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions, biomass has taken on a prominent role as a sustainable alternative fuel source. One critical aspect of the biomass challenge is the development of novel catalytic materials for effective and controllable biomass conversion. Edited by two scientists recognized internationally for their pioneering work in the field, this book focuses on nanoporous catalysts, the most promising class of catalytic materials for the conversion of biomass into fuel and other products.Although various catalysts have been used in the conversion of biomass-derived feedstocks, nanoporous catalysts exhibit high catalytic activities and/or unique product selectivities due to their large surface area, open nanopores, and highly dispersed active sites. This book covers an array of nanoporous catalysts currently in use for biomass conversion, including resins, metal oxides, carbons, mesoporous silicates, polydivinylbenzene, and zeolites. The authors summarize the design, synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of these nanoporous catalysts for biomass conversions, discussing the features of these catalysts and considering future opportunities for developing more efficient catalysts. Topics covered include: Resins for biomass conversionSupported metal oxides/sulfides for biomass oxidation and hydrogenationNanoporous metal oxidesOrdered mesoporous silica-based catalystsSulfonated carbon catalystsPorous polydivinylbenzeneAluminosilicate zeolites for bio-oil upgradingRice straw Hydrogenation for sugar conversionLignin depolymerizationTimely, authoritative, and comprehensive, Nanoporous Catalysts for Biomass Conversion is a valuable working resource for academic researchers, industrial scientists and graduate students working in the fields of biomass conversion, catalysis, materials science, green and sustainable chemistry, and chemical/process engineering.

Introduces readers to the chemical biology of plant biostimulantsThis book brings together different aspects of biostimulants, providing an overview of the variety of materials exploited as biostimulants, their biological activity, and agricultural applications. As different groups of biostimulants display different bioactivity and specificity, advances in biostimulant research is illustrated by different examples of biostimulants, such as humic substance, seaweed extracts, and substances with hormone-like activities. The book also reports on methods used to screen for new biostimulant compounds by exploring natural sources.Combining the expertise of internationally-renowned scientists and entrepreneurs in the area of biostimulants and biofertilisers, The Chemical Biology of Plant Biostimulants offers in-depth chapters that look at: agricultural functions and action mechanisms of plant biostimulants (PBs); plant biostimulants from seaweed; seaweed carbohydrates; and the possible role for electron shuttling capacity in elicitation of PB activity of humic substances on plant growth enhancement. The subject of auxins is covered next, followed closely by a chapter on plant biostimulants in vermicomposts. Other topics include: exploring natural resources for biostimulants; the impact of biostimulants on whole plant and cellular levels; the impact of PBs on molecular level; and the use of use of plant metabolites to mitigate stress effects in crops. Provides an insightful introduction to the subject of biostimulantsDiscusses biostimulant modes of actionsCovers microbial biostimulatory activities and biostimulant application strategiesOffers unique and varied perspectives on the subject by a team of international contributorsFeatures summaries of publications on biostimulants and biostimulant activityThe Chemical Biology of Plant Biostimulants will appeal to a wide range of readers, including scientists and agricultural practitioners looking for more knowledge about the development and application of biostimulants.

Bio-Based Packaging Bio-Based PackagingAn authoritative and up-to-date review of sustainable packaging development and applicationsBio-Based Packaging explores using renewable and biodegradable materials as sustainable alternatives to non-renewable, petroleum-based packaging. This comprehensive volume surveys the properties of biopolymers, the environmental and economic impact of bio-based packaging, and new and emerging technologies that are increasing the number of potential applications of green materials in the packaging industry. Contributions address the advantages and challenges of bio-based packaging, discuss new materials to be used for food packaging, and highlight cutting-edge research on polymers such as starch, protein, polylactic acid (PLA), pectin, nanocellulose, and their nanocomposites.In-depth yet accessible chapters provide balanced coverage of a broad range of practical topics, including life cycle assessment (LCA) of bio-based packaging products, consumer perceptions and preferences, supply chains, business strategies and markets in biodegradable food packaging, manufacturing of bio-based packaging materials, and regulations for food packaging materials. Detailed discussions provide valuable insight into the opportunities for biopolymers in end-use sectors, the barriers to biopolymer-based concepts in the packaging market, recent advances made in the field of biopolymeric composite materials, the future of bio-plastics in commercial food packaging, and more. This book:Provides deep coverage of the bio-based packaging development, characterization, regulations and environmental and socio-economic impactContains real-world case studies of bio-based packaging applicationsIncludes an overview of recent advances and emerging aspects of nanotechnology for development of sustainable composites for packagingDiscusses renewable sources for packaging material and the reuse and recycling of bio-based packaging productsBio-Based Packaging is essential reading for academics, researchers, and industry professionals working in packaging materials, renewable resources, sustainability, polymerization technology, food technology, material engineering, and related fields.For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs

A comprehensive examination of the large number of possible pathways for converting biomass into fuels and power through thermochemical processesBringing together a widely scattered body of information into a single volume, this book provides complete coverage of the many ways that thermochemical processes are used to transform biomass into fuels, chemicals and power. Fully revised and updated, this new edition highlights the substantial progress and recent developments that have been made in this rapidly growing field since publication of the first edition and incorporates up-to-date information in each chapter.Thermochemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and Power, 2nd Edition incorporates two new chapters covering: condensed phased reactions of thermal deconstruction of biomass and life cycle analysis of thermochemical processing systems. It offers a new introductory chapter that provides a more comprehensive overview of thermochemical technologies. The book also features fresh perspectives from new authors covering such evolving areas as solvent liquefaction and hybrid processing. Other chapters cover combustion, gasification, fast pyrolysis, upgrading of syngas and bio-oil to liquid transportation fuels, and the economics of thermochemically producing fuels and power, and more.  Features contributions by a distinguished group of European and American researchers offering a broad and unified description of thermochemical processing options for biomassCombines an overview of the current status of thermochemical biomass conversion as well as engineering aspects to appeal to the broadest audienceEdited by one of Biofuels Digest’s "Top 100 People" in bioenergy for six consecutive yearsThermochemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and Power, 2nd Edition will appeal to all academic researchers, process chemists, and engineers working in the field of biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals. It is also an excellent book for graduate and advanced undergraduate students studying biomass, biofuels, renewable resources, and energy and power generation.

Offers a comprehensive guide to the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications presents a comprehensive review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. These promising biomaterials have the potential to be broadly applied and there is a growing market for these biopolymers in areas such as medical and pharmaceutical, packaging, agricultural, textile, cosmetics, nanoparticles and more.The authors – noted experts in the field – explore the isolation, characterization and the physical and chemical properties of chitin and chitosan. They also examine their properties such as hydrogels, immunomodulation and biotechnology, antimicrobial activity and chemical enzymatic modifications. The book offers an analysis of the myriad medical and pharmaceutical applications as well as a review of applications in other areas. In addition, the authors discuss regulations, markets and perspectives for the use of chitin and chitosan.  This important book: Offers a thorough review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan.Contains information on the wide-ranging applications and growing market demand for chitin and chitosanIncludes a discussion of current regulations and the outlook for the futureWritten for Researchers in academia and industry who are working in the fields of chitin and chitosan, Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications offers a review of these promising biomaterials that have great potential due to their material properties and biological functionalities.

A guide to the wide-variety of waste valorisation techniques related to various biomass, waste materials and by productsWaste Valorisation provides a comprehensive review of waste chemistry and its application to the generation of value-added products. The authors – noted experts on the topic – offer a clear understanding of waste diversity, drivers and policies governing its valorisation based on the location. The book provides information on the principles behind various valorisation schemes and offers a description of general treatment options with their evaluation guidelines in terms of cost, energy consumption and waste generation.Each of the book's chapters contain an introduction which summarises the current production and processing methods, yields, energy sources and other pertinent information for each specific type of waste. The authors focus on the most relevant novel technologies for value-added processing of waste streams or industrial by-products which can readily be integrated into current waste management systems. They also provide the pertinent technical, economic, social and environmental evaluations of bioconversions as future sustainable technologies in a biorefinery. This important book: Presents the most current technologies which integrate waste and/or by-product valorisationIncludes discussions on end-product purity and life-cycle assessment challengesExplores relevant novel technologies for value-added processing of waste streams or industrial by-products which can be integrated into current waste management systemsOffers a guide to waste reuse, a key sustainability goal for existing biorefineries wishing to reduce material and environmental costsWritten for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in agricultural and food production, bioconversions and waste management professionals, Waste Valorisation is an authoritative guide to the chemistry and applications of waste materials and provides an overview of the most recent developments in the field.

A comprehensive overview of current developments and applications in biofuels productionProcess Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development brings together the latest and most cutting-edge research on the production of biofuels. As the first book specifically devoted to process systems engineering for the production of biofuels, Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development covers theoretical, computational and experimental issues in biofuels process engineering.Written for researchers and postgraduate students working on biomass conversion and sustainable process design, as well as industrial practitioners and engineers involved in process design, modeling and optimization, this book is an indispensable guide to the newest developments in areas including: Enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel productionProcess analysis of biodiesel production (including kinetic modeling, simulation and optimization)The use of ultrasonification in biodiesel productionThermochemical processes for biomass transformation to biofuelsProduction of alternative biofuelsIn addition to the comprehensive overview of the subject of biofuels found in the Introduction of the book, the authors of various chapters have provided extensive discussions of the production and separation of biofuels via novel applications and techniques.

High-Performance Materials from Bio-based Feedstocks The latest advancements in the production, properties, and performance of bio-based feedstock materials In High-Performance Materials from Bio-based Feedstocks, an accomplished team of researchers delivers a comprehensive exploration of recent developments in the research, manufacture, and application of advanced materials from bio-based feedstocks. With coverage of bio-based polymers, the inorganic components of biomass, and the conversion of biomass to advanced materials, the book illustrates the research and commercial potential of new technologies in the area.Real-life applications in areas as diverse as medicine, construction, synthesis, energy storage, agriculture, packaging, and food are discussed in the context of the structural properties of the materials used. The authors offer deep insights into materials production, properties, and performance.Perfect for chemists, environmental scientists, engineers, and materials scientists, High-Performance Materials from Bio-based Feedstocks will also earn a place in the libraries of academics, industrial researchers, and graduate students with an interest in biomass conversion, green chemistry, and sustainability. A thorough introduction to the latest developments in advanced bio-based feedstock materials researchComprehensive explorations of a vast range of real-world applications, from tissue scaffolds and drug delivery to batteries, sorbents, and controlled release fertilizersPractical discussions of the organic and inorganic components of biomass and the conversion of biomass to advanced materialsIn-depth examinations of the structural properties of commercially and academically significant biomass materialsFor more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs

Handbook of Natural ColorantsSecond Edition A detailed survey of a variety of natural colorants and their different applications including textiles, polymers, and cosmetics Colorants describe a wide range of materials such as dyes, pigments, inks, paint, or chemicals, which are used in small quantities but play an important role in many products such as textiles, polymers, food, and cosmetics. As the effects of climate change begin to be felt, there has been a shift in focus in the field to renewable resources and sustainability, and an interest in the replacement of oil-based products with greener substitutions. As the push to adopt natural resources grows, there have been significant developments in the research and application of natural colorants as a step in the transition to a bio-based economy. The second edition of Handbook of Natural Colorants provides a detailed introduction to natural colorants in a marriage of theory and practice, from seed of plant to consumer demand. Presenting a wide range of viewpoints, the book briefly discusses the history of coloration technology and the current position of natural colorants before highlighting detailed information on regional plant source availability, colorant production and properties, as well as analytical methods for isolation, identification, and toxicity aspects. It also presents key applications in technical use and consumer products, including the use of natural colorants in textiles, hair dyeing, printing, and packaging. Finally, the text considers environmental and economic aspects of natural colorants. Handbook of Natural Colorants is a useful reference for dyers, textile producers, and researchers in the evolving field of sustainable chemistry, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, and polymer sciences. Revised and updated content throughout to reflect developments in research and applications over the past decade New content on biotechnology in natural colorant production, natural colorants for mass coloration polymers, natural colorants in printing/packaging, and plant-based pigments Discusses strategies for scale-up, including consideration of energy, waste, and effluentsFor more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs

Biogas Plants Comprehensive resource highlighting the global significance of biogas and reviewing the current status of biogas production. Biogas Plants presents an overview of biogas production, starting from the substrates (characteristics, pretreatment, and storage), addressing technical and technological aspects of fermentation processes, and covering the environmental and agricultural significance of obtained digestate. Written by a team of experts with extensive theoretical and practical experience in the areas of bio-waste, biogas plants, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, Biogas Plants discusses keys topics including: Anaerobic digestion, including discussion of substrates and productsAdvantages of biogas plants, with emphasis on their future potential for stable and controlled renewable energyGlobal significance of the biogas sector, including its importance in electro-energy system stabilization, biogas plants for energy storage, bio-waste utilization, and biomethane productionA thorough and complete resource on the subject, Biogas Plants will appeal to academic researchers and industry scientists and engineers working in the fields of biogas, bio-waste, bioenergy, renewable resources, waste management and carbon reduction, along with process engineers, environmental engineers, biotechnologists, and agricultural scientists. For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs

Fuels, Chemicals and Materials from the Oceans and Aquatic Sources provides a holistic view of fuels, chemicals and materials from renewable sources in the oceans and other aquatic media. It presents established and recent results regarding the use of water-based biomass, both plants and animals,for value-added applications beyond food.The book begins with an introductory chapter which provides an overview of ocean and aquatic sources for the production of chemicals and materials. Subsequent chapters focus on the use of various ocean bioresources and feedstocks, including microalgae, macroalgae, and waste from aquaculture and fishing industries, including fish oils, crustacean and mollusc shells.Fuels, Chemicals and Materials from the Oceans and Aquatic Sources serves as a valuable reference for academic and industrial professionals working on the production of chemicals, materials and fuels from renewable feedstocks. It will also prove useful for researchers in the fields of green and sustainable chemistry, marine sciences and biotechnology.Topics covered include:• Production and conversion of green macroalgae• Marine macroalgal biomass as an energy feedstock• Microalgae bioproduction• Bioproduction and utilization of chitin and chitosan• Applications of mollusc shells• Crude fish oil as a potential fuel

Research into cellulose nanocrystals is currently in an exponential growth phase, with research into potential applications now strengthened by recent advances in nanomanufacturing. The possibility of routine commercial production of these advanced materials is now becoming a reality.Cellulose Nanocrystals: Properties, Production and Applications provides an in-depth overview of the materials science, chemistry and physics of cellulose nanocrystals, and the technical development of advanced materials based on cellulose nanocrystals for industrial and medical applications. Topics covered include: A comprehensive treatment of the structure, morphology and synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals.The science and engineering of producing cellulose nanocrystals and the challenges involved in nanomanufacturing on a large industrial scale.Surface/interface modifications of cellulose nanocrystals for the development of novel biomaterials with attractive structural and functional properties.The scientific bases for developing cellulose-based nanomaterials with advanced functionalities for industrial/medical applications and consumer products.Discussions on the (i) reinforcing potential of cellulose nanocrystals in polymer nanocomposites, (ii) utilization of these nanocrystals as efficient templates for developing tunable photonic materials, as well as (iii) applications in sustainable electronics and biomedicine.Cellulose Nanocrystals: Properties, Production and Applications will appeal to audiences in the physical, chemical and biological sciences as well as engineering disciplines. It will be of critical interest to industrialists seeking to develop sustainable new materials for the advanced industrial economies of the 21st century, ranging from adaptive "smart" packaging materials, to new chiral, mesoporous materials for optoelectronics and photonics, to high-performance nanocomposites for structural applications.

Cellulosic Energy Cropping Systems presents a comprehensive overview of how cellulosic energy crops can be sustainably produced and converted to affordable energy through liquid fuels, heat and electricity.The book begins with an introduction to cellulosic feedstocks, discussing their potential as a large-scale sustainable energy source, and technologies for the production of liquid fuels, heat and electricity. Subsequent chapters examine miscanthus, switchgrass, sugarcane and energy cane, sorghums and crop residues, reviewing their phylogeny, cultural practices, and opportunities for genetic improvement. This is followed by a detailed focus on woody crops, including eucalyptus, pine, poplar and willow. Critical logistical issues associated with both herbaceous and woody feedstocks are reviewed, and alternate strategies for harvesting, transporting, and storing cellulosic materials are also examined. The final sectionof the booktackles the challenge of achieving long-term sustainability, addressing economic, environmental and social factors.Cellulosic Energy Cropping Systems is a valuable resource for academics, students and industry professionals working in the field of biomass cultivation and conversion, bioenergy, crop science and agriculture.Topics covered include: Identifying suitable cellulosic energy crops that are adapted to a wide range of climates and soilsBest management practices for sustainably growing, harvesting, storing, transporting and pre-processing these cropsThe development of integrated cellulosic energy cropping systems for supplying commercial processing plantsChallenges and opportunities for the long-term sustainability of cellulosic energy cropsThis book was conceived and initiated by David I. Bransby, Professor of Energy and Forage Crops in the Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences at Auburn University, USA.For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs